The microwave-based plasma treatment facility at the Central University of Punjab Bathinda (CUPB) based on 2.45 GHz has been used to investigate the impact on the electrochemical performance of TiO2. This was accomplished by treating a number of pellets of TiO2 sample material with microwave plasma at an input power of 80 W. The palette is subjected to microwave plasma treatment at 30-, 60-, 80-, and 100-s intervals. Many such characterization methods, including UV-visible spectroscopy, FTIR, XRD, and FESEM, have been applied to the study of the impact of plasma treatment on other physical and chemical properties in the context of untreated pellets. In the 80-s plasma treatment, the FTIR study showed that the (O-Ti-O) vibration band at 500–900 cm−1 was wider than other bands. The UV results showed that an 80-s plasma treatment decreased the sample’s band gap by 37% and increased the amount of disordered, amorphous material in the sample that had not been treated. XRD studies show that a sample that was treated with plasma for 80 s has low crystallinity and a high disorder (amorphous) factor. The Nyquist plot showed that the electrochemical charge transfer resistance drops from 7 (not treated) to 4 after 80 s of plasma treatment. In a study of electrochemical performance, a sample that was treated with plasma for 80 s has a capacitance that is 35% higher than a sample that was not treated.
In the present study, cobalt sulphide was successfully synthesised via a simple, one-step hydrothermal route. The material has been characterised via infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, electron microscopy (FESEM), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The FTIR spectrum reveals a peak at 1126 cm-1, which corresponds to the S-O bending mode, and a peak at 663 cm-1, which represents sulphide stretching. According to XRD analysis, cobalt sulphide formed with the CoS1.097 configuration. FESEM study reveals that cobalt sulphide hexagonal sheets with a thickness of less than 100 nm have been prepared that are further arranged in a floral pattern. Cobalt and sulphide concentrations were found to be proportional in EDX analyses. Further, Electrochemical testing was performed with a two-electrode setup, 6M KOH as the electrolyte, and various current collectors (including nickel foam and aluminium foil). The galvanostatic charge-discharge characteristics and capacitance values have been compared using impedance spectroscopy and other techniques. Details of the analysis are presented.
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