Cyclization of a pentapyrrane with two terminal β-linked pyrroles afforded a dihydrosapphyrin isomer (1) with the pyrroles linked in a unique β,α-α,β mode, which was rather reactive, and thus it readily underwent a ring-contracted rearrangement to a pyrrolyl norrole (2), and succeeding ring expansion to a terpyrrole-containing isosmaragdyrin analogue (4). 1, 2, and 4 contain the internal ring pathways with a minimum of 17, 15, and 16 atoms, respectively. 1, 2, and 4 are almost nonfluorescent, whereas the complex of 2 with Zn(2+) shows a distinct NIR emission peak at 741 nm. The unprecedented pyrrole transformation chemistry by confusion approach is illustrated.

The first neo-confused hexaphyrin(1.1.1.1.1.0) was synthesized by oxidative ring closure of a hexapyrrane bearing two terminal "confused" pyrroles. The new compound displays a folded conformation with a short interpyrrolic C⋅⋅⋅N distance of 3.102 Å, and thus it readily underwent ring fusion to afford a neo-fused hexaphyrin with an unprecedented 5,5,5,7-tetracyclic ring structure. Furthermore, coordination of Cu(II) triggered a ring opening/contracting reaction to afford a Cu(II) complex of an N-linked pentaphyrin derivative. The roles of reactive N-C bonds in the porphyrinoid macrocycles were demonstrated.

Three kinds of fused porphyrinoids, L2-L4, possessing different types of corrole-based frameworks were synthesized from a pyrrole-substituted corrole isomer (norrole L1). Oxidation of L1 afforded a unique N-Cmeso -fused pyrrolyl isonorrole L2, involving the fusion of an auxiliary pyrrolic NH moiety with a meso-sp(3) -hybridized carbon atom. Subsequently, L2 underwent macrocycle transformations to give singly and doubly N-CAr -fused N-confused corroles, L3 and L4, respectively. L3 and L4 contain fused [5.7.6.5]-tetra- and [5.6.7.7.6.5]-hexacyclic structures, respectively, prepared through lateral annulation. These skeletal transformation reactions from norrole to its isomer isonorrole and finally to N-confused corrole indicate that multiply fused porphyrinoids could be readily synthesized from pyrrole-appended confused porphyrinoids.

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A C6F5-substituted hexapyrrane (1) was synthesized in one step. Oxidative cyclization of 1 with DDQ afforded a phlorin-dipyrrin conjugate (2), and subsequent FeCl3-assisted oxidative cleavage of 2 afforded a terminally di-α-methoxy substituted hexapyrrin (3). On the other hand, oxidation of 1 with FeCl3 afforded 3, a hexapyrrinone Fe(3+) complex (4), and a hexaphyrin (1,1,1,1,1,0) (5). These results indicate that the oxidation of hexapyrranes may be developed as an effective approach for the syntheses of novel linear and macrocyclic hexapyrroles.

A facile synthetic strategy towards conformationally stable chiral chromophores based on dimeric porphyrinoids has been established. A peculiar class of face-to-face intramolecularly interlocked corrole dimers were formed by the oxidative CÀ C coupling linked at the inner carbon sites upon simple treatment of copper(II) ions. Their intrinsic electronic structures were modulated by the peripheral corrole ring annulations, which lead to distinct optical properties and redox profiles. The stereogenic carbon centers implemented in the confused corrole skeleton provided a rationale for designing novel chiral materials.

The first neo‐confused hexaphyrin(1.1.1.1.1.0) was synthesized by oxidative ring closure of a hexapyrrane bearing two terminal “confused” pyrroles. The new compound displays a folded conformation with a short interpyrrolic C⋅⋅⋅N distance of 3.102 Å, and thus it readily underwent ring fusion to afford a neo‐fused hexaphyrin with an unprecedented 5,5,5,7‐tetracyclic ring structure. Furthermore, coordination of CuII triggered a ring opening/contracting reaction to afford a CuII complex of an N‐linked pentaphyrin derivative. The roles of reactive NC bonds in the porphyrinoid macrocycles were demonstrated.

Three kinds of fused porphyrinoids, L2-L4,p ossessing different types of corrole-based frameworks were synthesized from apyrrole-substituted corrole isomer (norrole L1). Oxidation of L1 afforded aunique N-C meso -fused pyrrolyl isonorrole L2,involving the fusion of an auxiliary pyrrolic NH moiety with ameso-sp 3 -hybridized carbon atom. Subsequently, L2 underwent macrocycle transformations to give singly and doubly N-C Ar -fused N-confused corroles, L3 and L4,r espectively. L3 and L4 contain fused [5.7.6.5]-tetra-and [5.6.7.7.6.5]-hexacyclic structures,r espectively,p repared through lateral annulation. These skeletal transformation reactions from norrole to its isomer isonorrole and finally to N-confused corrole indicate that multiply fused porphyrinoids could be readily synthesized from pyrrole-appended confused porphyrinoids.