An overview is provided of the modulation techniques that are being considered for a new voiceband modem Recommendation, nicknamed V.fast. These techniques include adaptive bandwidth operation for automatically selecting the transmission band, multi‐dimensional trollis coded modulation for higher coding gain, constellation shaping for higher shaping gain, precoding and pre‐emphasis for advanced equalization, and warping for resistance against signal‐dependent impairments. Simulation results are presented to illustrate performance. By adaptively selecting an appropriate combination of these modulation techniques based on line conditions, V.fast modems are expected to double the maximum data rate of standard modems.
The Richtmyer-Meshkov instability of a “V” shaped air/helium gaseous interface subjected to a weak shock wave is experimentally studied. A soap film technique is adopted to create a “V” shaped interface with accurate initial conditions. Five kinds of air/helium “V” shaped interfaces with different vertex angles (60°, 90°, 120°, 140°, and 160°), i.e., different amplitude-wavelength ratios, are formed to highlight the effects of initial conditions, especially the initial amplitude, on the flow characteristics. The interface morphologies identified by the high-speed schlieren photography show that a spike is generated from the vertex after the shock impact, and grows constantly with time accompanied by the occurrence of the phase reversal. As the vertex angle increases, vortices generated on the interface become less noticeable, and the spike develops less pronouncedly. The linear growth rate of the interface mixing width of a heavy/light interface configuration after compression phase is estimated by a linear model and a revised linear model, and the latter is proven to be more effective for the interface with high initial amplitudes. It is found for the first time in a heavy/light interface configuration that the linear growth rate of interface width is a non-monotonous function of the initial perturbation amplitude-wavelength ratio. In the nonlinear stage, it is confirmed that the width growth rate of interface with high initial amplitudes can be well predicted by a model proposed by Dimonte and Ramaprabhu [“Simulations and model of the nonlinear Richtmyer-Meshkov instability,” Phys. Fluids 22, 014104 (2010)].
Articles you may be interested inHuman immunodeficiency virus drug development assisted with AlGaN/GaN high electron mobility transistors and binding-site models Appl. Phys. Lett. 102, 173704 (2013); 10.1063/1.4803916 Dielectric relaxation change of water upon phase transition of a lipid bilayer probed by terahertz time domain spectroscopy J. Chem. Phys. 137, 175101 (2012); 10.1063/1.4764304 Label-free monitoring of interaction between DNA and oxaliplatin in aqueous solution by terahertz spectroscopy Appl. Phys. Lett. 101, 033704 (2012); 10.1063/1.4737401 Higher order conformation of poly(3-hydroxyalkanoates) studied by terahertz time-domain spectroscopy Appl. Phys. Lett. 96, 101904 (2010); 10.1063/1.3358146 Subwavelength plastic wire terahertz time-domain spectroscopy Appl. Phys. Lett. 96, 051105 (2010);
The Richtmyer–Meshkov instability on a ‘V’ shaped air/SF$_{6}$ gaseous interface is experimentally studied in a shock tube. By the soap film technique, a discontinuous interface without supporting mesh is formed so that the initial conditions of the interface can be accurately controlled. Five ‘V’ shaped air/$\text{SF}_{6}$ interfaces with different vertex angles ($60^{\circ }$, $90^{\circ }$, $120^{\circ }$, $140^{\circ }$ and $160^{\circ }$) are created where the ratio of the initial interface amplitude to the wavelength varies to highlight the effects of initial condition on the flow characteristics. The wave patterns and interface morphologies are clearly identified in the high-speed schlieren sequences, which show that the interface deforms in a less pronounced manner with less vortices generated as the vertex angle increases. A regime change is observed in the interface width growth rate near a vertex angle of $160^{\circ }$, which provides an experimental evidence for the numerical results obtained by McFarland et al. (Phys. Scr. vol. T155, 2013, 014014). The growth rate of interface width in the linear phase is compared with the theoretical predictions from the classical impulsive model and a modified linear model, and the latter is proven to be effective for a moderate to large initial amplitude. It is found that the initial growth rate of the interface width is a non-monotone function of the initial vertex angle (amplitude–wavelength ratio), i.e. the interface width growth rate in the linear stage experiences an increase and then a decrease as the vertex angle increases. A similar conclusion was also reached by Dell et al. (Phys. Plasmas, vol. 22, 2015, 092711) numerically for a sinusoidal interface. Finally, the general behaviour of the interface width growth in the nonlinear stage can be well captured by the nonlinear model proposed by Dimonte & Ramaprabhu (Phys. Fluids, vol. 22, 2010, 014104).
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
customersupport@researchsolutions.com
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.