This research aims to 1) explore the benefits of online (benefits obtained when on the internet) and online risks (risks experienced when on the internet) in adolescents in Jakarta; 2) Test differences in online benefits and online risk based on differences in gender, education level, and school affiliation. This study used a survey method with a multilevel random sampling technique performed on adolescents living in Jakarta aged 12-18 (N = 756). The data analysis technique for this study is descriptive analysis and T-test analysis. The results of the research show that teenagers in Jakarta regularly use the internet every day with relatively high duration. More than 60% of teens benefit online in the medium to the high category, with six types of benefits online: learning, creative participation, social participation, social relations, entertainment, commercial benefits, and personal benefits. Most teens experience online risk in the low category, with three types of risks: content risk, contact risk, and behavioral risk. Other findings, namely: (1) there are significant differences in online risk-based on sex and adolescent education level; (2) significant differences in online benefits are based solely on adolescent education levels. There are no significant differences in online and online risk benefits based on school affiliation (non-religious schools and religion-based schools). This research contributes to the importance of distinguishing online benefits and online risks from adolescent education levels.
Social media refers to technology in which organizations and individuals interact with their audiences. Organizations and individuals interact through messages that each can produce. On the Twitter platform, conversation occurs through its special characteristic, namely the hashtag symbol. This interaction is interestingly analyzed through Berger and Luckmann's view that interpersonal social interaction is a social construction of reality. A view through this objective, symbolic, and subjective reality can then be a way for public relations to overcome the initial stage of a crisis. This research aimed to explore symbolic convergence process on Twitter hashtags in the construction of the reality of Berger and Luckmann as a mechanism for crisis communication management. This research used a constructivist paradigm with a netnographic method. The interactions observed at #BUMNdukungUMKM on August 16, 2020, were then analyzed with the Berger and Luckmann social constructionist approach. The results of this research are able to answer the research objectives where symbolic convergence is a process in social construction of reality. Hashtags are dynamic processes that can lead to social discourses. Hashtag construction is product of symbolic convergence on social media as a mechanism for crisis management.
The development of communication technology makes a new form of persona management strategies. Facebook is one of social media, which can make the borders of public persona and private persona to be blurred and invisible. This research aims to explore the persona management in pseudonym practice through psychoanalysis approach by Japanese popular culture’s fans on Facebook by separating their personas in RL (Real Life) account and fannish account. This research is a qualitative research and using constructivism paradigm. Data collection was obtained by unstructured interviews submitted to two Facebook users. The data is then processed and analyzed interpretively. Study found that the main motive of fans using pseudonimity in social media is to avoid the stereotype threats from their real-life society. Virtual ethnography methods are also used which depart from virtual participatory observation methods for pseudonym accounts and participant RL accounts Study also found that there’s a new form of persona management strategies by using social media’s technology features such as blocking, unfriend-ing, and using privacy setting feature, and the other strategies. So, their persona is public yet private towards some audience. Keywords; fandom, persona, pseudonym, fans, popular culture. ABSTRAK Perkembangan teknologi komunikasi menciptakan bentuk baru dari strategi manajemen persona. Facebook adalah salah satu media sosial yang dapat membuat batasan sehingga persona publik dan privat menjadi kabur dan tidak terlihat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengeksplorasi manajemen persona dalam praktik pseudonim melalui pendekatan psikoanalisis yang dilakukan para fans budaya populer Jepang yang melakukan pemisahan persona mereka di akun RL (Real Life) dan akun fans. Penelitian kualitatif ini menggunakan paradigma konstruksivisme. Pengumpulan data diperoleh dengan wawancara tidak terstruktur yang diajukan kepada dua orang pengguna Facebook. Data kemudian diolah dan dianalisis secara interpretif. Metode virtual ethnography juga digunakan yang berangkat dari metode observasi partisipatif secara virtual untuk akun pseudonim dan akun RL partisipan. Temuan studi menunjukan terdapat motif utama dari fans yang menggunakan pseudonim dalam media sosial yaitu untuk menghindari ancaman stereotype dari kehidupan sosial yang nyata. Studi juga menemukan adanya bentuk baru dari strategi manajemen persona dengan menggunakan fitur teknologi sosial media seperti blocking, unfriend-ing, privacy setting dan lainnya. Dengan demikian persona mereka bersifat publik karena disebarluaskan melalui media sosial namun tetap bersifat pribadi dalam hubungannya dengan pengguna media sosial lainnya. Kata kunci; fandom, persona, pseudonim, fans, budaya populer
Risks and disadvantages of the Internet usage by children and adolescents is called online risk. Online risk is a new concept thus the definition of which is debatable. In addition, the classification of risk is based on the coding results of the children's responses from a qualitative research. This research aims to find the dimensions for online risk variable and build online risk scale for similar research in Indonesia.This study examines the validity of online risk constructs and explores how many factors were formed by using Exploratory Factor Analysis. Factor extraction method used in this research is Maximum Likelihood (ML) with Varimax factor rotation. This study uses online survey www.surveymonkey.com to obtain responses from respondents. Respondents in this study were 161 adolescents aged 13-18 years who study and live in Jakarta.The exploratory factor analysis shows that all 33 item statements are justify as indicator as they have significant anti-image correlation coefficient. The result of extraction and rotation are 6 factors with cumulative variance value of 69.557%. This score is quite good as it explained more than 50% total variant. These six factors can be used as dimensions of the online risk variable. The dimensions of the online risk variable are (1) Risky behavior; (2) Misleading values & information; (3) Pornography; (4) Target of risky conduct; (5) Cyberbullying and harassment; (6) Strangers. Keywords: Exploratory Factor Analysis, Online Risk, Internet, Adolescents, Internet Effect, Online Risk Scale AbstrakSemua risiko dan sisi merugikan sebagai konsekuensi dari penggunaan Internet dan eksplorasi anak dan remaja di Internet dinyatakan sebagai risiko online. Risiko online merupakan sebuah konstruk yang sifatnya baru dibangun dan definisi dari konsep ini masih diperdebatkan. Selain itu, pengelompokkan risiko (dimensi) dari konsep ini didasarkan pada hasil koding dari respon anak-anak dari penelitian kualitatif. Maka, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menemukan dimensi-dimensi untuk variabel risiko online dan membangun skala risiko online untuk penelitian sejenis di Indonesia.Penelitian ini menguji validitas konstruk risiko online dan menggali berapa faktor yang terbentuk dari konstruk risiko online dengan dengan menggunakan Exploratory Factor Analysis. Metode ekstraksi faktor yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah Maximum Likelihood (ML) dengan rotasi faktor Varimax. Penelitian ini menggunakan survei online www.surveymonkey.com untuk memperoleh respon dari responden. Responden pada penelitian ini sebanyak 161 remaja DKI Jakarta berusia 13-18 tahun.Analisis faktor eksploratori menunjukkan hasil bahwa keseluruhan 33 item layak untuk dijadikan indikator karena memiliki koefisien korelasi anti-image yang baik. Dari ekstraksi dan rotasi faktor dihasilkan 6 faktor dengan nilai kumulatif varian sebesar 69.557%, nilai ini cukup baik karena total varian yang dapat dijelaskan melebihi 50% varian. Enam faktor yang dihasilkan ini dapat dijadikan dimensi dari variabel risiko online. Maka, dime...
This research investigates the social changes concerning Islam's revitalisation, which was constructed by the movie Ketika Mas Gagah Pergi (KMGP). The research criticises structuration theory, which does not accommodate religion as part of social changes, especially in making new social changes. The researcher utilised semiotic logic by using the process of meaning or signification, which comprises signs or representation, object, and interpretant. The researcher also conducted in-depth interviews with filmmakers to understand the context from which the texts were produced. As a result, it was discovered that KMGP utilised signs to construct social changes through the act of wearing a veil, Islamic religious music, and the prohibition of shaking someone's hands which is not his/her mahram (legal spouse or guardian based on Islamic law), the separation of men and women in a wedding occasion, and other new rules which were previously not familiar in society. Nevertheless, to legitimise the new rules in these particular social practices, KMGP often used structure resources. For example, Gagah legitimated his action by referring to the tradition of Sundanese (one of the Indonesian tribes) to the prohibition of shaking a non-mahram’s hands. This is supported by hadith (speech, attitude, and behaviour of Prophet Muhammad) about this particular action. This movie also proved that the rules of Islamic religion became an important element that changed social order, especially in Indonesia. Keywords: Movie, Indonesian Muslim Society, social changes, structuration, representation.
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