Introduction Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women. Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) positivity rate is 20% and generally has a poor prognosis. Ado-trastuzumab emtansine (T-DM1) is an antibody–drug conjugate consisting of HER2 target monoclonal antibody trastuzumab and microtubule inhibitor emtansine. The most common side effects are fatigue, diarrhea, anemia, and it is generally a safe and tolerable agent. Case report In our case, we reported our patient who developed mucosal and cutaneous telangiectasia after T-DM1 treatment and who had a complete response in metastases after skin lesions. Management and Outcome While no side effects were observed during the use of T-DM1 for HER2 positive disease, nose bleeding and spider telangiectasia on the skin developed in the 9th month of the treatment. In these lesions, which did not require any treatment, no regression was observed during T-DM1 treatment. Discussion We think that T-DM1, which was detected with a low incidence of skin toxicity in studies, may form telangiectatic lesions due to vascular dilatation through emtansine, and therefore care should be taken in the treatment of T-DM1.
The aim of this study was to investigate the cytotoxic and apoptotic effects of zoledronic acid (ZA) in combination with serine/threonine protein phosphatase inhibitors, calyculin-A (CA) and okadaic acid (OA), in human MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells. XTT cell viability assay was used to evaluate cytotoxicity. DNA fragmentation and caspase-3/7 activity assays were performed to evaluate apoptosis. Activities of phosphatase 1 (PP1) and phosphatase 2A (PP2A) were measured by serine/threonine phosphatase ELISA kit. Expression levels of PI3K, p-PI3K, Akt, p-Akt, Bcl-2, p-Bcl-2, Bad, and p-Bad proteins were evaluated by Western blot analysis. Combination of ZA with either CA or OA showed synergistic cytotoxicity and apoptosis as compared to any agent alone in both MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells. Combination treatment also resulted in inhibition of both PP1 and PP2A activities. Both agents used alone or in combination did not induce significant changes in total PI3K, Akt, Bcl-2, and Bad expressions, while p-PI3K, p-Akt, p-Bcl-2, and p-Bad levels were reduced by the combination treatment as compared to agents alone. Moreover, apoptotic effect of combination treatment was significantly inhibited in the presence of LY294002, a specific PI3K inhibitor, in both breast cancer cell lines. In conclusion, synergistic apoptotic effect of the combination treatment is correlated with the block of the PI3K/Akt signal pathway in breast cancer cells.
İn Vitro Fertilizasyon ve AkupunkturÖZET İnfertilite, çiftlerin %10-15"inde görülmektedir. İnfertilite sadece ilgili çiftleri etkileyen bir sağlık problemi olmayıp; psikolojik, sosyal ve finansal etkileriyle çiftlerin mikro ve makro çevresini de etkilemektedir. Akupunktur vücutta belli noktalara iğne batırmak suretiyle uygulanan ve birçok hastalıkta kullanılan tamamlayıcı bir tedavi modalitesidir. Akupunkturun kullanıldığı hastalıklar arasında infertilite de yer almaktadır. Özellikle in vitro fertilizasyon tedavisiyle birlikte kullanımı giderek yaygınlaşmaktadır. Bu yazıda infertilite tedavisinde akupunkturun yeri tartışılacaktır.
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