Parabens, which are hydroxybenzoic acid esters, are particularly used as protective against mold and fungus. Ethyl paraben is a compound open to modification for the synthesis of new molecules due to the ester group in its structure. In this study, ethyl paraben was used as a starting material. A new series of novel hydrazide-hydrazones from derived ethyl paraben were synthesized and characterized by spectroscopic techniques such as NMR, FT-IR besides elemental analysis. In order to determine the anticancer activity of the aimed ethyl paraben hydrazidehydrazones we evaluated their cytotoxic activity on liver cancer cell line liver hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2). Herein we described several 4-hydroxy-N'-[substituted methylidene] benzohydrazides (3a-j) as anticancer agents. We designed, synthesized and characterized the series of novel hydrazide-hydrazones from ethyl paraben. All of the compounds evaluated for anticancer activity by using MTT assay for 24 and 48 h. mRNA transcription levels of Bax, Bcl-2 and caspase-3 genes were determined by realtime polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) analysis. Compounds 3i and 3j showed anticancer activity with 42.4 and 37.4 µM IC50 values, respectively. Doxorubicin was used as a positive sensitivity reference standard. qRTPCR analysis approved that there was a timedependent rise in the expression levels of Bax, Bcl-2 and Caspase 3 on apoptosis. The activities of the synthesized compounds changed depending on the dose and time of treatment and some of the molecules started to show activity within 48 hours.
Adropin is a peptide hormone that has been implicated in insulin resistance and as a potential regulator of growth. The aim of this study is to determine the effect of calorie restriction on circulating levels of adropin in the MMTV-TGFα breast cancer mouse model and investigate the effects of adropin peptide on the viability of MCF-7 and MDA-231 breast cancer cells in culture. Ten-week-old mice were assigned to either ad libitum-fed (AL), chronic calorie-restricted, or intermittent calorie-restricted groups. Concentrations of serum adropin were measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results showed an inverse correlation between serum adropin levels and mouse age that was attenuated by calorie restriction. In the AL group the level of adropin was significantly lower at week 50 compared to levels at week 10. However, among the calorie-restricted groups, serum levels of adropin remained high at week 50. The cell-line-specific effects were observed after treatment of cancer cell lines with a series of adropin concentrations (5, 10, 25, 50 ng/mL). Flow cytometry analysis showed that MCF-7 cells entered the early phase of apoptosis after treatment with 50 ng/mL for 24 h. Adropin may be involved in the protective effects that calorie restriction has on breast cancer risk.
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