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The effect of varied maturity on the antioxidant activity of peanut hulls was investigated. Methanolic extracts of peanut hulls of varied maturity exhibited a similarly marked antioxidant activity, 92.9-94.8% inhibition of peroxidation of linoleic acid. The content of both luteolin and total phenolics increased significantly with maturity and seemed to show no correlation with antioxidant activity. However, the antioxidant activity remained constant after 1.671 mg/g of hulls of total phenolic content was reached. Total phenolics (1.671 mg/g of hulls) in peanut hulls seemed to be an initial point of maximum antioxidant activity. High total phenolic content in peanut hulls of varied maturity is associated with a high antioxidant activity and with an important role in the stability of lipid oxidation.

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The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of chlorogenic acid (CA) on 3T3-L1 adipocytes and its mechanism action. CA at 1-25 μM showed no cytotoxicity to 3T3-L1 pre-adipocytes and 3T3-L1 adipocytes. CA significantly inhibited oil red O-stained material (OROSM) and intracellular triglyceride levels in 3T3-L1 adipocytes in a concentration-dependent manner. In addition, CA down-regulated the glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GPDH) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) activity. A real-time polymerase chain reaction revealed that CA inhibited the PPARγ, CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein alpha (C/EBPα), sterol regulatory element binding protein-1c (SREBP-1c), and fatty acid synthase (FAS) gene expression, which may in part account for antiadipogenesis of CA. Thus, CA could act as a potential lipid lowering functional resource.