BKVAN was associated with high rate of allograft rejection and failure. However, surveillance of its complications has been underperformed at our facility. Implementing a formal practice guideline may improve allograft outcome in resource-limited countries.

Background In patients with ischemic heart disease (IHD), many studies demonstrated an association between fragmented QRS complex (fQRS) on 12‐lead ECG and myocardial scar, heart failure, and increased mortality. However, data in adults without history of IHD is limited. We aimed to evaluate whether there is an association between fQRS and IHD diagnosed by stress cardiac MRI. Method We retrospectively reviewed demographic data, 12‐lead ECG, and stress cardiac MRI data from 604 patients. Fragmented QRS was defined as the presence of additional R wave (R’), notching in the nadir of R or S wave, or the presence of more than one R’ in any ECG leads. Both cardiac MRI and ECG were analyzed by two independent observers. Result Final analysis included 554 patients, 39% were male, with a mean age of 67.8 ± 11.1 years. There was positive stress cardiac MRI in 219 patients (39.5%). Older age, diabetes mellitus, and hypertension were more frequent in the positive group (p < .05). fQRS was identified in 300 patients (54.2%). Baseline characteristic did not differ significantly between patients with and without fQRS. There is an association between fQRS and IHD, OR 1.605 (95% CI 1.14–2.27), p = .007. After adjustment for age, diabetes, hypertension, renal function, and left ventricular ejection fraction, the strong association between fQRS and IHD persisted, OR 1.71 (95% CI 1.18–2.47), p = .004. Conclusion In patients without known history of coronary artery disease, fragmented QRS is independently associated with ischemic heart disease diagnosed by stress cardiac MRI.

Cerebrovascular disease (CVD) is the second most common cause of death and contributes to a high morbidity worldwide. The major etiology is an atherosclerosis. Many well-known risk factors, such as hypertension, dyslipidemia and diabetes, are defined as traditional risk factors. Treatment and control of traditional risk factors also improve both cardiovascular and cerebrovascular outcomes. To date, many studies reported an association between stroke and nontraditional risk factors, such as infectious diseases or inflammatory process. Periodontal disease (PD) is an infection of the gum and other toothsupporting structures, with an on going inflammatory process and affects a large number of populations worldwide. Current evidence demonstrated the local and systemic inflammatory effects in periodontitis induced an atherosclerosis. This review aims to provide the current knowledge on the association between periodontal disease and cerebrovascular disease.