Sexual dimorphism (SD) refers to phenotypic sex differences in traits other than sexual organs and can be manifested both as sex-limitation of traits, and differential phenotypic expression of shared traits in the two sexes. SD is a widespread phenomenon in sexually reproducing taxa, found in a variety of traits, including morphological and life history traits as well as sexually selected ornaments and armaments (Shine, 1989; Wiens & Tuschhoff, 2020; Wyman et al., 2013). Phenotypic sex differences evolve in response to sex-specific selection that stems from differences in reproductive strategies between the sexes (Fairbairn et al., 2007; Maynard Smith, 1976). For over a century, SD has been a target of intensive research to understand the evolution of intraspecific
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.