The number of mature adults who undertake voluntary work is expected to rise as a result of several factors such as longer life expectancy, better health conditions, and improved education (Chambré, 1993;Hao, 2008;Morrow-Howell, 2010). Over the last few years there has been a considerable growth in the number of studies showing the beneficial effects of volunteerism, not only for the recipients but also the helpers. Based on a detailed review of the literature available on social networks and healthy ageing over the last 20 years, Onyx and Warburton (2003) discovered a strong link between volunteerism, social capital, sustained good health, and psychological well-being.Although it is impossible to establish a clear causality in the relationship, the present data do seem to point to the existence of a bidirectional relationship in which volunteerism contributes to good health and in which health-related factors may provide an explanation
Due to the exponential increase of autism spectrum disorders’ prevalence in Western countries, it is necessary to improve early detection and intervention to enhance developmental milestones. This systematic review identified the most effective screening instrument, which can be used at an early age and which identifies the maximum number of autism cases. We identified several instruments with adequate predictive properties—the Autism Parent Screen for Infants (APSI), Battelle Development Inventory, second edition (BDI-2); Brief Infant-Toddler Social and Emotional Assessment (BITSEA); First Year Inventory (FYI); Infant-Toddler Checklist/Communication and Symbolic Behavior Scales Developmental Profile (ITC/CSBS-DP); Program of Research and Studies on AUTISM (PREAUT-Grid); Checklist for Early Signs of Developmental Disorders (CESDD); Social Attention and Communication Study (SACS); and the Screening Tool for Autism in Toddlers and Young Children (STAT)—that can be applied from 12 months of age in Western countries. The ITC/CSBS-DP has been proposed for universal screening from 12 months of age onwards, complemented by the Modified Checklist for Autism in Toddlers, Revised/Revised with Follow-Up (M-CHAT-R/F), which can be used from 15 months of age onwards. This strategy could improve early detection in at-risk children within the current health system, thus allowing for early intervention.
Objective: The purpose of this study is to examine citizen participation in relation to causal perceptions of third-world poverty, belief in a just world, and gender system justification. Method: A total of 760 participants took part in this study, allowing the authors to analyse the differences found on these measures according to gender, social class, and household income. Participants were from the city of Málaga in Spain; 58.5% were women and their average age was 38.78. Distinguished groups of people with common results obtained in citizen participation, causal perceptions of third-world poverty, belief in a just world, and gender system justification. Results: Three profiles have been identified: Indifferent (they have mean scores for the majority of the variables), Conservatives, and Pro-development. We find that those persons classified as indifferent group participate to a lesser degree than those who belong to the Pro-development group; we find no difference between the other profiles. These are specifically the issues that imply a certain stance and a determinate vision of social justice and the causes of poverty. Conclusion: In light of the left-right dimension that tends to dominate political psychological analyses, the added value of a third cluster strikes us as being of interest in deepening the study of poverty. These profiles reveal three ways of seeing the world in relation to belief in a just world, gender system justification, and causal perceptions of third-world poverty.
This study examines factors related to socially responsible consumption based on a sample of 636 Spanish consumers. The results indicate that socio-demographic factors such as sex, age, education level, and economic activity affect responsible consumption. In addition, it was found that in order to assess the antecedents of socially responsible consumption it is necessary to specify the type of consumer behavior (for example, purchasing specific products or initiatives against the purchase of certain products). It is found that perceived efficacy, affective commitment, and materialism explain different levels of variance in socially responsible consumption. Purchasing cause-related products is most influenced by affective commitment and perceived efficacy. Materialism affects purchasing motivated by firm behavior and the volume of consumption. The study finds that the referents to the responsibility that consumers adopt can be explained independently. In conclusion, with the aim of supporting a more sustainable society, the need for studies on anti-consumption behaviors as an instrument for sustainability is stressed.
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