This paper examines the unemployment effect on food expenditure (UEFE) for Spanish households and quantifies its magnitude in boom and crisis periods. The results show that the UEFE was negative in both contexts but was reinforced during the economic crisis. Applying propensity score matching and difference-in-differences techniques to a sample of Spanish households for 2006 and 2013 (representative of a boom period and a crisis period, respectively), we found that the UEFE amounted to 2.9% in the boom period and to 4.5% in the crisis period. Quantile difference-in-differences estimates confirmed that the economic crisis enhanced the UEFE for Spanish households, with this effect decreasing continuously up to quantile 0.9. The UEFE was exacerbated mainly in those economically disadvantaged households.
In this paper, we examine the socioeconomic factors that determine cocaine consumption in adults aged over 18 years in Spain. For data from household alcohol and drug surveys for the period 2007-2012 (EDADES 2007, 2009, 2011), we used, first, a decision tree to identify the main predictors of cocaine use and high-risk profiles of cocaine consumers and, next, a multinomial logistic regression model to explain cocaine consumption in terms of sex, age, marital status, employment status, education level, income, household size and perceived health status. The results indicate that the main predictors of cocaine use are marital status, sex, employment status, age, education level and household size. The main cocaine user propensity profile is a young single man with a low level of education and unemployed, who should, therefore, be the main target of campaigns for preventing illicit drug use.
Objective: The purpose of this study was to measure the extent to which the advent of an economic crisis affects the magnitude of the impact of unemployment on obesity prevalence (IUOP). Methods: Using data corresponding to a boom period and a bust period of the Spanish economy, we calculated the IUOP in the Spanish population aged 16-65 years using propensity score matching, and using the difference-in-differences approach, analyzed to what extent the advent of an economic crisis affected the magnitude of such an IUOP. Results: The results point to significant differences in the body mass index (BMI) values of Spanish unemployed individuals depending on the phase of the economic cycle. Compared to a period of economic boom, a bust period increases the (log) BMI values of unemployed people by 0.22% and the (log) BMI of long-term unemployed people by a further 0.011%. Conclusions: The design of health policies for the treatment and prevention of adult obesity should be tailored to the phase of the economic cycle and focus especially on the long-term unemployed individuals.
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