BACKGROUND: Epithelial ovarian cancer is one of the most lethal malignancies, and has a high recurrence rate. Thus, prognostic markers for recurrence are crucial for the care of ovarian cancer. As ovarian cancers frequently exhibit chromosome instability, we aimed at assessing the prognostic significance of two key mitotic kinases, BubR1 and Aurora A. METHODS: We analysed paraffin-embedded tissue sections from 160 ovarian cancer patients whose clinical outcomes had been tracked after first-line treatment. RESULTS: The median recurrence-free survival in patients with a positive and negative expression of BubR1 was 27 and 83 months, respectively (Po0.001). A positive BubR1 expression was also associated with advanced stage, serous histology and high grade. In contrast, Aurora A immunostaining did not correlate with any of the clinical parameters analysed. CONCLUSION: BubR1, but not Aurora A, is a prognostic marker for recurrence-free survival rates in epithelial ovarian cancers.
Hyperhidrosis is a disorder that
is characterized by the production
of excess amounts of sweat. The botulinum neurotoxin A (BoNT/A) has
been used to treat hyperhidrosis through multiple intradermal injections
at the site of the condition. However, because of BoNT/A toxicity,
it is important to precisely deliver the proper dose of the toxin
to the target site. In addition, the use of a conventional hypodermic
needle for multiple injections in the palm makes the approach undesirable
and painful. Here, we designed a BoNT/A-coated microneedle (BoNT-MN)
array and tested its efficacy as a substitute pain-free method to
treat hyperhidrosis. BoNT-MNs were prepared by coating polylactic
acid microneedles with a BoNT/A formulation and were found to successfully
penetrate into a thick skin in vitro. The coating formulations were
then tested for their stability at 4, 25, and 37 °C for 24 h.
BoNT-MNs were found to be much more stable than BoNT/A in a liquid
state. Additionally, we carried out in vivo experiments by treating
the right paws of mice with BoNT-MNs and found that the treatment
induced a significant reduction in the sweating response in the mouse
foot pad. Thus, BoNT/A treatment using microneedles is beneficial
and may be used as a more efficient and less painful approach to treat
hyperhidrosis.
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