The myth of inactivity of inorganic materials in a biological system breaks down by the discovery of nanozymes. From this time, the nanozyme has attracted huge attention for its high durability, cost-effective production, and easy storage over the natural enzyme. Moreover, the multienzyme-mimicking activity of nanozymes can regulate the level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in an intercellular system. ROS can be generated by peroxidase (POD), oxidase (OD), and Fenton-like catalytic reaction by a nanozyme which kills the cancer cells by oxidative stress; therefore, it is important in CDT (chemo dynamic therapy). Our current study designed to investigate the enzyme mimicking behavior and anticancer ability of cerium-based nanomaterials because the cerium-based materials offer a high redox ability while maintaining nontoxicity and high stability. Our group synthesized CeZrO 4 nanoparticles by a green method using β-cyclodextrin as a stabilizer and neem leaf extract as a reducing agent, exhibiting POD-and OD-like dual enzyme activities. The best enzyme catalytic activity is shown in pH = 4, indicating the high ROS generation in an acidic medium (tumor microenvironment) which is also supported by the Fenton-like behavior of CeZrO 4 nanoparticles. Inspired by the high ROS generation in vitro method, we investigated the disruption of human kidney cells by this nanoparticle, successfully verified by the MTT assay. The harmful effect of ROS in a normal cell is also investigated by the in vitro MTT assay. The results suggested that the appreciable anticancer activity with minimal side effects by this synthesized nanomaterial.
The Upper Bhuban Member in the Sitakund anticline, Chittagong, Southeastern Bangladesh is constituted by the light gray, light yellow and greenish gray sandstone and siltstone with dark gray, bluish black and black finely laminated silty shale to shale. The lithofacies of massive sandstone(Sm), turbidite sandstone (ST), flat bedded sandstone-siltstone (Sh), ripple cross laminated sandstone-siltstone (Sr), laminated sandstone-siltstone (Sl), lenticular laminated sandstone-siltstone-shale (Sll), wavy laminated silty shale to shale (Fw), laminated shale (Fl) with sub-facies black shale (Flbk) and blue shale (Flb) and mudstone (Fm) have been delineated in this member. Based on genetic aspects the facies are grouped into (1) turbidity generated - and (2) deep marine basin plain facies association. The medium to fine grained facies Sm and ST with or without Sh, Sr, Sl Sll Fw and Fm facies constitutes the turbidity generated facie association. The deep marine basin plain facies association is characterized by the monotonous hemi-pelagic bluish black shale (subfacies Flb) and pelagic black shale (subfacies Flbk) with rare to scare silty stringers of facies Sh, Sr, Sl, Sll and Fw. The facies Sm is turbidity channel in the inner part of medial fan and the complete ST sequence indicates channelized forms, while incomplete ones have been identified as channel or interchannel deposits in medial to distal fan. The facies Flb and Flbk denote deep marine environments above and below the carbonate compensation depth, where the lithofacies facies Sh, Sr, Sl, Sll and Fw were deposited as distal turbidites. The facies sequence of medial to distal fan and deep marine basin plain were repeated and randomly juxtaposed one upon other due to instability of basin probably by faulting along Dauki and adjoining area accompanied by sea level change. The paleoflow pattern indicates that the dominant source of detrius was the Shillong plateau along with minor contribution from the Himalayas and Arakan Yoma Folded Belt. Keywords: Turbidites; Upper Bhuban Member; Sitakund anticline; SE Bangladesh. DOI: 10.3329/jles.v2i2.7491 J. Life Earth Sci., Vol. 2(2) 1-16, 2007
Textile manufacturing sector is the strongest root of the economy of Bangladesh while pollution by inappropriate management of waste water from textile dyeing industries is one of the major environmental problems. Textile processing employs an assortment of chemicals, contingent upon the idea of the crude materials and items. Environmental problems caused by the the textile industry are mainly the discharges of waste water. The wellspring of waste water contamination are the wet handling steps which incorporate measuring, desizing, scouring, bleaching, mercerizing, coloring, printing etc. The present study was aimed at physico-chemical evaluation of waste water discharged by some garments industries. While in some waste water high pH values have been recorded, the pH values of the waste water before and after treatments were found in between the standard range. The Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD), Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), Total Dissolved Solid (TDS) and Total Suspended Solid (TSS) values for waste water before treatment were found to be much higher than the permissible limits. For some industries the BOD, COD, TDS and TSS values of the outlet water from effluent treatment plant (ETP) were also found beyond the standard limits.
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