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Z survey (n = 1216) was conducted to evaluate the knowledge about genes and heredity in Finland. In the study, which is the first one concerning general knowledge of genes and heredity in a population sample, the majority of respondents had at least a rough picture of the association between genes, heredity and diseases. However, there were some aspects that were not so well known. Most difficult issues contained specialized terms such as "chromosome" and "DNA". When asked to list diseases and human characteristics that are hereditary, only few mentioned conditions that are not at all hereditary. The knowledge was not significantly related to gender or reported experiences of hereditary diseases or gene tests, but younger people and those with a higher level of education and social status exhibited greater knowledge. Implications for genetic testing and counselling undertakings are discussed.

The mass media have been the primary method for disseminating human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) prevention messages worldwide. In this article, we update previous reviews by systematically examining published articles (n = 41) of empirical evaluations of international HIV/AIDS prevention campaigns. Of the 41 studies identified, 17 countries are represented. In this review, we examine six components related to media campaign design and evaluation: target audience, communication channel(s), message content, campaign theme, exposure, and outcomes. Of the studies included in this sample, each one described the target audience; 93% reported on channel selection; 75% described message content; 63% mentioned a campaign theme; and 62% documented campaign exposure. We investigate also the extent to which HIV/AIDS prevention efforts have moved beyond media campaigns to comprehensive communitywide programs. We conclude that HIV/AIDS prevention efforts would benefit from: (1) better reporting of media campaign components and outcomes, (2) more systematic evaluation, (3) greater integration of theory, and (4) increased attention to communitywide intervention strategies.

A better understanding of the motives underlying the adoption of sustainable and healthy diets is needed for designing more effective policies. The aim of the study was to examine how eating motives were associated with self-reported changes in the consumption of beef, beans, and soy products, i.e., changes related to reducing animal and increasing plant proteins. The study analysed a survey of an adult population living in Finland (N = 1048). The eating motives were measured with the Eating Motivation Survey (TEMS), which distinguishes between 15 eating motives. Six clusters of consumers based on self-reported changes in food choices were identified with latent class analysis (LCA). Four clusters had established food consumption patterns ("Beef only", "Beef and beans", "Beef, beans, and soy products", and "No beef"), one was undergoing a change, and one had attempted a change earlier. ANOVA with planned contrasts revealed that the motives relating to natural concerns, health, and weight control were higher, and convenience and price lower, among those who had an established diet including beans and soy products, as compared to those who consumed only beef. Those undergoing a dietary change expressed a higher endorsement of natural concerns as well as health, sociability, social image, and price motives than those with an established diet including beans and soy products. The results suggest that eating motives play an important role in changing towards more sustainable food consumption patterns in which meat/beef is replaced with plant proteins.