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Objective: To determine the prevalence of allergic rhinitis and associated factors in adolescents and in their parents/guardians. Methods: A cross-sectional study, applying a standardized and validated written questionnaire. Adolescents (13–14 years old; n=1,058) and their parents/guardians (mean age=42.1 years old; n=896) living in the city of Uruguaiana, southern Brazil, responded to the Global Asthma Network standard questionnaires. Results: The prevalence of allergic rhinitis in adolescents was 28.0%, allergic rhinoconjunctivitis, 21.3%, and severe forms of allergic rhinitis, 7.8%. In the adults, the prevalence of allergic rhinitis was 31.7%. Some associated factors with allergic rhinitis in adolescents include low physical exercise (OR 2.16; 95%CI 1.15–4.05), having only one older sibling (OR 1.94; 95CI 1.01–3.72) and daily meat consumption (OR 7.43; 95% CI 1.53–36.11). In contrast, consuming sugar (OR 0.34; 95%CI 0.12–0.93) or olive oil (OR 0.33; 95%CI 0.13–0 .81) once or twice a week, and eating vegetables daily (OR 0.39; 95%CI 0.15–0.99) were considered factors negatively associated. In adults, exposure to fungi at home (OR 5.25; 95%CI 1.01–27.22) and consumption of meat once or twice a week (OR 46.45; 95CI 2.12–1020.71) were factors associated with the medical diagnosis of allergic rhinitis, while low education (OR 0.25; 95%CI 0.07–0.92) was found to be a factor negatively associated. Conclusions: The prevalence of allergic rhinitis in adolescents is high, as well as its medical diagnosis in adults living in Uruguaiana. Environmental factors, especially food habits, were associated with findings in both groups.

Background The Global Asthma Network (GAN) aims to find out the current status of the prevalence and severity of asthma, rhinitis, and eczema using global surveillance to achieve worldwide recognition and improve the management of asthma, especially in low- and middle-income countries. The aim of this study was to verify the associated factors for asthma in adolescents and their respective parents/caregivers. Methods Adolescents (13–14 years old; n = 1058) and their respective parents/caregivers (mean age = 42.1 years, n = 896) living in the town of Uruguaiana, Southern Brazil fulfilled the standardized questionnaire. Results Although the prevalence of wheezing in the past 12 months was higher among adults than adolescents (18.4% vs. 15.8%, respectively), adolescents showed more severe wheezing and worse control over the disease revealed by higher consumption of short-acting beta-2 agonists; going to the emergency room; hospitalization in the last year and dry night cough. Smoking and paracetamol use were associated with risk for developing asthma symptoms and consuming seafood/fish was protective. For the adults smoking (10 or more cigarettes/day) and exposure to mould in the house were associated with risk for asthma symptoms. Conclusions Adolescents have a high prevalence of asthma symptoms and few have an action plan. Adults do not have their disease under control and they use more relief than preventive medication. Differences in associated factors could determine the outcomes in asthma control among adolescents and their parents.

O objetivo deste artigo foi avaliar a relação entre poluição atmosférica e a saúde das crianças. Foi realizada pesquisa na base de dados do MEDLINE, nos últimos 10 anos, empregando os seguintes termos: "air pollution", ou "household air pollution" ou "primary traffic pollutants" ou "environmental burden" AND "child health" ou "lung function" ou "acute respiratory infections" ou "pregnancy". Os artigos identificados foram selecionados após leitura dos títulos, e os considerados de importância foram lidos na íntegra e incluídos nessa revisão. Além desses, referências por eles citadas e dados de agências oficiais, considerados de relevância, também foram incluídos. Estudos documentam associação positiva entre exposição de crianças à poluição do ar e maior morbimortalidade de afecções respiratórias, incluindo a asma. Quanto mais precoce for essa exposição, maiores serão os seus efeitos. Descritores: Poluição ambiental, material particulado, testes de função respiratória, pneumonia, saúde da criança. The objective of this study was to evaluate the relationship between air pollution and children's health. A search was performed in the MEDLINE database for the past 10 years using the following terms: "air pollution" or "household air pollution" or "primary traffic pollutants" AND "child health" or "lung function" or "acute respiratory infections" or "pregnancy". For selection of articles, titles were read and analyzed, and articles considered of importance were read in full and then included in this review. In addition, cited references and relevant data from official agencies were included. The selected studies report a positive association between exposure of children to air pollution and increased morbidity and mortality due to respiratory diseases, including asthma. The earlier the exposure, the greater its effects.

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