We report some experiments undertaken to investigate the control of vortex shedding behind electrically heated cylinders at low Reynolds numbers owing to the heat input brought to the cylinder. In airflow, depending on the Reynolds number value, complete suppression or modification of the vortex shedding phenomenon can be achieved with increase of heat input. Experimental results suggest that this control could result of a slight change of the separation point location due to the increase of the dynamic viscosity of the fluid.

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A Lagrangian study of the statistical properties of the orientation of a passive scalar gradient is performed using experimental data and a simple, numerical analysis. It is shown that, in a low-Reynolds number Bénard-von Kármán street, the temperature gradient downstream of a heated line source does not align with the asymptotic orientation predicted by the Lapeyre et al. model ͓Phys. Fluids 11, 3729 ͑1999͔͒ in the hyperbolic regions. This result is ascribed to fluctuations of strain persistence along Lagrangian trajectories. A numerical analysis of the scalar gradient alignment properties shows that these fluctuations, together with a low level of the rate of strain, may lead to preferential orientations that are different from the theoretical one predicted by an asymptotic model.

This paper deals with the study of the response of a cold wire used as a thermal sensor in a turbulent flow for different types of probes and for several gases (air, argon and helium). It is now well known that in the case of air flows the transfer function of the probe shows a typical step at low frequencies, as pointed out by Perry, Smits & Chong (1979).In this plateau region the wire temperature may be influenced by the prong temperature through two different paths. The first is conduction between prong and wire, as already discussed by Maye (1970) using the ‘cold length’ lc, introduced by Betchov (1948). As suggested by Hojstrup, Rasmussen & Larsen (1975) the second is the result of the thermal boundary layer on the prong being very large at low velocities in gases of large thermal diffusivity; this region of influence (by the prong) extends over a length of the wire characterized by the thickness lb, of the thermal boundary layer on the prong.In this paper a simple analysis of the behaviour of the transfer function of cold wires taking these two effects into account is presented by introducing the parameter η = lb/lc. An experimental investigation of these phenomena has been undertaken using a procedure which allows temperature fluctuations to be produced over a larger range of frequencies than has been usually made up to now.Good agreement is obtained between experimental results and predictions using this analysis for several types of prong in different gaseous flows (air, argon and helium). An important step in the frequency response is found in the latter case because of the large thermal diffusivity of helium. Furthermore an example of the thermal prong–wire interaction is presented in the ease of intermittent temperature measurements.