This paper presents the driver model developed by INRETS in the ISi-PADAS project, with the aim to dynamically simulate driver's mental activities carried out while driving. The methodology supporting this model development is based on empirical data collection on driving simulator, in the frame of a carfollowing task. After presenting the theoretical foundations of the modelling approach and the empirical data analysis, the functional architecture of our COgnitive Simulation MOdel of the DRIVEr (COSMODRIVE) will be described, and the type of results liable to be obtained through simulations on a virtual Vehicle-Environment platform (SiVIC) will be presented. Then, the conclusion will briefly examine the perspectives of the model applications for driving aids virtual design.
This paper presents a computational modeling approach for negative effects simulation of visual distraction while driving a car. In order to investigate these effects, an experiment was firstly implemented on a driving simulator. Twenty participants were invited to perform a car following task in different driving conditions (12 driving scenarios), with or without a secondary task of visual distraction. Empirical data collected through this experiment show that visual distraction negatively impacts the driving performance at both perceptive and behavioral levels, and then increase the risk having a crash. Beyond these effects on the observable performance, the aim of this study is also to investigate and simulate such distractive effects on mental models of the road environment. Indeed, driver's decisions and behaviors are based on a temporal-spatial mental model, corresponding to the driver's situational awareness (SA). This mental representation must be permanently updated by perceptive information extracted in the road scene to be efficient. In case of visual distraction requiring off-road scanning, mental model updating is un-perfectly done and driver's actions are thus based on a mental representation that can dramatically differ of the situational reality, in case of a critical change in the traffic conditions (e.g. sudden braking in the lead car). From these empirical results, a computational model (named COSMODRIVE for COgnitive Simulation MOdel of the DRIVEr) was implemented for simulating visual distraction effects and human errors risks at perceptive (visual scanning changes) cognitive (erroneous Situational Awareness) and behavioral levels (late reaction time and crash risk increasing).
Abstmct-The marketing of more and more sophisticated driving aid systems and of new me-of wmmunicationa in ears reveals a certain number of harmful, inferred effects on useis. Ranging from an overload provoked by superfluous informstion t o deeper modifications of driving behaviour or wmpetenee, these inferred effects can, in certain eases, call into question safety objectives or confort considerations aimed at by the designers and echoed by the manufacturers. In this wntext, the woperative approach of driving can suggest certain solutions to reach with greater precision this objectives. In this paper, we recall the principles of manmachine woperation and the role of a wgnitive simulation of the driver. The development of COSMODRIVE model (Cognitive Simulation of the DRIVE=) is in progress; our current work aims at equip it with the means of road perception in order to test it and use it in real wnditions. Some aspects of this stage are detailed. Finally we explain the future perspectives that we envisage for this developments.K e w o d -Active perception, cognitive simulation, driving assistance, man-machine cooperation.
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