For many years, Spain is experimenting the phenomenon of immigration and implementing procedures normatively orientated according to the contexts, but sharing the main goal: integration. Those orientative processes have been first guided by multiculturalism and then evolving toward certain forms of interculturalism. On the base of this consideration it is necessary to deeply consider the theory debate on multi-and interculturalism, in order toDa oltre un decennio la Spagna è divenuta terra di immigrazione.Nonostante i dati concernenti i migranti abbiano subito variazioni significative al rialzo -a causa della condizione di crisi perdurante nella quale vive gran parte dei paesi del mondo -in Spagna sono presenti oltre cinque milioni di persone di nazionalità diversa da quella spagnola 2 . Una quota rilevante di questi soggetti si ascrive alla categoria degli immigrati, nonostante siano nati in Spagna.Intorno a questa popolazione e a quanti sono considerati -a diverso titolo -immigrati (nonostante, spesso, in possesso di nazionalità spagnola), si è diffusa la percezione della necessità di gestire la diversità, facendo rientrare nell'idea di diversità quella culturale (considerata come il "contenitore concettuale" per le differenze legate alla 10.09.2015).
Resumen: Los discursos sobre gestión de la diversidad, y en concreto los relativos al interculturalismo como modelo, aparecen en España al constatar la presencia de población extranjera procedente de la inmigración, a principios de los años ‘90. En este artículo se analizan, a través de una etnografía llevada a cabo en contextos urbanos, las ausencias (Santos, 2009) que emergen en el paradigma intercultural español al considerar los conceptos de diversidad y de cultura fundamentalmente en términos étnicos y nacionales, y relacionados casi exclusivamente con la población inmigrante. Dichas ausencias, como se aclarará con la ayuda del material etnográfico producido en el contexto de la ciudad de Granada, generan consecuencias relevantes tanto a nivel epistémico como en la percepción y experimentación de la convivencia en contextos multiculturales. Abstract: The discourses on diversity management, and in particular those relating to interculturalism as a model, appear in Spain on having stated the presence of foreign population proceeding from the immigration. In this article we analyze, through an ethnography carried out in urban contexts, the absences (Santos, 2009), which are emerging in the intercultural Spanish paradigm when considering the concepts of diversity and culture primarily in ethnic and national terms, and related almost exclusively to the immigrant population. Such absences, as we will clarify with the help of the ethnographical material produced in Granada, generate significant consequences at the level of both epistemic as well as in the perception and experimentation of living together in multicultural settings.
CULTURAL AND POLITICAL CONCEPT OF CULTURE. Ethnography of an intercultural festive eventEn el contexto de estudio de este trabajo, la diversidad cultural ha sido gestionada a través de políticas públicas en materia de educación, salud, trabajo y servicios sociales, desde modelos integracionistas. A nivel local la atención se ha centrado más en la implementación de "políticas culturales", cuyo objetivo es promover la convivencia cotidiana en escenarios de diversidad. El presente artículo ofrece una reflexión sobre las políticas culturales desarrolladas a nivel local relacionadas con la convivialidad y la diversidad, a través del análisis de un ejemplo concreto de práctica tipificada como intercultural en la ciudad de Granada. Para ello, ofrecemos una descripción detallada de sus distintos momentos reflexionando sobre el concepto de interculturalidad y de cultura subyacentes y analizamos, con la ayuda del material etnográfico, qué efectos o calado pueden tener esta tipología de efeméride en la población local y de qué manera ésta se ve representada. Como conclusión se reportan algunas propuestas nacidas de los/as propios/as implicados/as, sobre cómo seguir implementando políticas culturales que puedan ofrecer respuestas a las demandas sociales y representar a toda la comunidad.The public policies on education, health, work, social services, etc, have been used by many States in order to manage cultural diversity by using integrationist models. At a local level the attention has been focused more on the implementation of "cultural policies" aimed at promoting the daily coexistence in diversity scenarios. This article offers a reflection on cultural policies developed locally related to conviviality and diversity, through the analysis of "The Festival of Cultures", a particular example of a practice defined as intercultural in the city of Granada. In order for this to be accomplished, we offer a detailed description of its different moments reflecting on the concept of multiculturalism and underlying culture and analyzing, with the help of ethnographic material, which effects or consequences can this type of festivals have in the local population and how this is represented. Concluding, some proposals arose from the people involved are reported, on how to keep implementing cultural policies that can provide answers to social demands and represent the entire community.
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