We found an increased risk of congenital malformations after exposure to SSRIs in early pregnancy. It is unclear whether the effects were causal or due to factors related to the underlying disease. There was no evidence that the association was specific to particular malformations.

BackgroundThe Child Perceptions Questionnaire (CPQ) is a self-reported questionnaire developed to measure oral health-related quality of life in children. The CPQ aims to improve the description of children's oral health, while taking into consideration the importance of psychological aspects in the concept of health. The CPQ exists in two versions: the CPQ8–10 for children aged 8–10 years and the CPQ11–14 for those aged 11–14 years. The aim of this study was to develop a Danish version of the CPQ8–10 and the CPQ11–14 and to evaluate its validity for use among Danish-speaking children.MethodsThe instruments were translated from English into Danish in accordance with a recommended translation procedure. Afterwards, they were tested among children aged 8–10 (n = 120) and 11–14 years (n = 225). The validity was expressed by the correlation between overall CPQ scores and i) self-reported assessment of the influence of oral conditions on everyday life (not at all, very little, some, a lot, very much) and ii) the self-reported rating of oral health. Furthermore, groups of children with assumed decreased oral health-related quality of life were compared with children with healthy oral conditions. Finally, we examined the internal consistency.ResultsThe correlation between overall CPQ scores and global assessments of the influence of oral conditions on everyday life showed Spearman correlation coefficients of 0.45, P < 0.001 for CPQ8–10 and 0.50, P < 0.001 for CPQ11–14. The correlation between overall CPQ scores and the self-reported rating of oral health showed Spearman correlation coefficients of 0.45, P < 0.001 for CPQ8–10 and 0.17, P = 0.010 for CPQ11–14.The median overall CPQ8–10 scores were 7 for individuals with healthy oral conditions, 5 for individuals with cleft lip and palate, and 15 for individuals with rare oral diseases. The median overall CPQ11–14 scores were 9 for individuals with healthy oral conditions, 9 for individuals with cleft lip and palate, 17.0 for individuals with rare oral diseases, and 22.0 for individuals with fixed orthodontic appliances. There were statistically significant differences between the groups of children with healthy oral conditions and each of the subgroups, except for children with cleft lip and palate.Chronbach'α were 0.82 for CPQ8–10 and 0.87 for CPQ11–14.ConclusionThe results of this study reveal that the Danish CPQ8–10 and CPQ11–14, seem to be valid instruments for measuring oral health-related quality of life in children although its ability to discriminate between children with cleft lip and palate and healthy children seem to be limited.

The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of dental anxiety among 6 to 8-year-old Danish children using the Children's Fear Survey Schedule-Dental Subscale (CFSS-DS) and behavior management problems. The study was designed as a population-based cross-sectional survey of children attending the municipal dental service in four municipalities in the county of North Jutland, Denmark. In 2001, the CFSS-DS questionnaire was mailed to the parents of all children born in 1993, 1994, and 1995 (parents of 1666 children) in 4 municipalities. Data on behavior management problems were collected from the children's dental records held by the municipal dental service. Questionnaires were returned from 1281 (76.9%) parents. The prevalence of dental anxiety (i.e. CFSS-DS > or = 38) was 5.7% (95% CI: 4.6% 7.1%), and the median CFSS-DS score was 22 (1st quartile 19; 3rd quartile 27). A history of behavior management problems was observed in 37.2% (95% CI: 33.3%-41.1%) of all children who had had dental treatment, but more often in children with dental anxiety.