Discrimination of children with LI among a diverse group of ELLs might be possible when using a combination of measures. Children with LI exhibit deficits in similar linguistic/cognitive domains regardless of whether English is their first or second language.
Narratives can be a useful clinical assessment tool, but some thought must be given to the type of stimuli used to elicit them. For the current study, children with language impairments (ages 5;7–9;9) told stories from pictures, retold orally presented stories, and retold stories presented both orally and pictorially. Within-subjects comparisons showed that the best stories (in terms of complete episodes and number of information units) were produced when children listened to stories without pictures. The stories containing the least story grammar information and the greatest extraneous information, but with the fewest indicators of formulation load (mazes), were produced when children viewed the pictures without hearing an oral version. Implications for choice of narrative stimuli are discussed.
This study investigated the possibility that the amount of content children include in their stories is affected by how stories are presented. Simple stories were presented to kindergarten and Grade 2 children in 3 conditions: orally (oral only), pictorially (pictures only), and combined oral and pictures. The kindergarteners recalled more content in the combined condition than in pictures, only. The 2nd graders recalled more content in the oral only and combined conditions than in pictures only. The grades differed in both conditions involving oral presentation, but not in the pictures only condition. Thus, children in both grades provided more story information when they retold a story presented orally than when they told the story from pictures alone.
FVMC, Errors/CU, and PGCUs can all be used in combination with other tools to identify school-aged children with LI. However, FVMC and Errors/CU may be an appropriate diagnostic tool up to age 6. PGCUs, in contrast, may be a sensitive tool for identifying children with LI at least up to age 8 years.
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