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An evaluation of 48 investigations on three parent education programs—behavioral, PET, and Adlerian—indicated that certain changes in parental attitudes and/or child behavior were evident as a result of different educational approaches. These changes were not always consistent and often depended on the type of assessment and educational approach used. Recommendations for future research include determining individual parental goals and existing knowledge and attitudes about child-rearing, considering the impact of parental characteristics and the possible interaction of these characteristics with different program goals and procedures, identifying factors influencing leader or instructor effectiveness, and using appropriate research designs, control groups, and multiple assessment procedures.

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