From the chloroform and ethyl acetate extracts of the leaves of Kalanchoe pinnata L. (Crassulaceae), two flavonoids and three phenolic compounds were isolated; named quercetin (1), 5,7,4’-trihydroxy-8,3’-dimethoxyflavone (2), gallic acid (3), ferulic acid (4) and isoferulic acid (5). Based on the NMR spectroscopy, their chemical structures were elucidated and the result was confirmed by comparison with published data.
Brontotheres, rhinoceros-like creatures, experienced a significant size change over 22 million years. Within 16 million years, these mammals, initially no bigger than cats or coyotes, underwent a rapid transformation, becoming enormous creatures weighing a metric ton or even more.
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