Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), a family of endopeptidases also known as gelatinases, have been reported to affect the acquisition of the cell proliferative, cell invasive and metastatic phenotype of several types of cancer. In particular, the gelatinases MMP-2 and −9 have been revealed to facilitate tumor growth and invasion in patients with colorectal cancer (CRC). However, it is not known whether the gelatinase activity of MMP-2 and −9 is also elevated in Vietnamese patients with CRC. The activity of MMP-2 and −9 in the tissue samples of 103 patients with CRC was evaluated by gelatin zymography and quantified using ImageJ. The association between the level of activity of MMP-2 and −9 and various clinicopathological factors was analyzed, and Chisio BioPAX Editor software was used to visualize the biological pathways regulating the activity of the MMPs. The present study noticed significantly increased activity of active MMP-2 and MMP-9 in tumor tissues (P<0.01), and significantly decreased levels of pro-form MMP-2 and MMP-9 in tumor tissues (P<0.01), compared with that in adjacent tissues in patients with CRC. A correlation between the normalized different activity of MMP-2 and −9 and various clinicopathological features was observed. Furthermore, bioinformatics analysis indicated that the alteration in the activity of MMP-2 and MMP-9 may have been controlled by biological pathways involving the tissue inhibitors of metalloprotease-2 and −1. These findings indicate that the activity of the gelatinases MMP-2 and −9 affects the tumor progression and metastasis of patients with CRC, providing a potential novel approach for determining the prognosis of CRC.
Background: Considering the poor prognosis of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), the objective of this study was to examine the potential of plasma-derived vesicles as a source of lung cancer-specific proteins. Extracellular vesicle (EV) cargos are specific to the source cells, hence they have the potential of being a source of cancer-specific proteins. Methods: The proteins differently expressed in cancer were determined and derived from EVs isolated from the plasma of NSCLC patients at the National Lung Hospital. To this end, purification was done using gel filtration chromatography and ultracentrifugation. In addition, nano liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) was used for analyzing. Results: Fifty-seven EV-derived proteins related to NSCLC were highlighted in this research. Some of them have not been addressed before, such as EEF1A1 (elongation factor 1-α1), KPNB1 (Importin subunit beta 1), SRC (proto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase) and ACTC1 (actin, alpha cardiac muscle 1). This list was further confirmed through a comparison with ExoCarta and Vesiclepedia. Conclusion: This study is the first work to show the involvement of several novel proteins of small EV (EEF1A1, KPNB1, SRC, and ACTC1) in the progression of NSCLC. The results suggested that they could serve as novel biomarkers for non-small cell lung cancer in the future.
This article aims to estimate the relationship between COVID-19 and the price volatility of listed commercial bank stocks in Vietnam during the two most severely affected years of the pandemic (2020–2021), and measuring the impacts of macroeconomic factors on those stocks’ returns and their price volatility (measured by standard deviation of returns) with previous studies’ results before the pandemic. Using the data from 16 listed commercial banks’ stock returns on Ho Chi Minh Stock Exchange (HOSE) and Hanoi Stock Exchange (HNX) during the study period, we used OLS to find the effect, with important findings: (1) COVID-19 daily reported cases had a weak negative effect on Vietnam listed banks’ stock returns and hardly any relation with stock returns’ standard deviation. (2) GDP influenced commercial bank stock returns positively, while CPI, number of COVID-19 cases, and businesses closed had a negative effect. Also, listed commercial bank stock returns were insignificantly impacted by the interest rate. (3) Macroeconomic factors’ impact on the standard deviation of returns were weak, during the pandemic. GDPs and CPIs effect turned out to be insignificant while interest rate had a negative effect on the volatility rate, and was only significant in two out of the three models, implying potential negative impacts of COVID-19 on the macroeconomy. JELClassification: G21, F62, F65, G18, G28
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