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More research is needed to understand whether MM results in more mindful and attentive drivers or whether individuals who practice MM may have other traits or behaviors that are linked to improved safety.

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ized decision support systems, pharmacist-based interventions, and comprehensive geriatric assessment.Screening to identify older adults at risk of adverse drug reactions is the initial step within a multistep approach to geriatric pharmacotherapy.The integrative pharmaceutical care consists of four steps, i.e. identification of all medications that the patient is taking, medication appropriateness assessment, design and the follow-up of a pharmaceutical care plan.None of the existing interventions shows a clear positive effect on patients' health outcomes if applied separately. But, when these interventions are combined within the context of a multidisciplinary teamwork and comprehensive geriatric assessment, positive effects on patients' health outcomes might be expected.

Background: Exposure to parental death in childhood has been strongly associated with offspring suicide although few studies have applied theoretical models to conceptualise this relationship. Methods: Using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses -Scoping Reviews guidelines, we conducted a scoping review of primary studies that identified a theory/framework explaining the aetiology of suicidal behaviour in adulthood, following childhood exposure to external-cause parental death, including suicide. Results: The search yielded 1598 articles. Following full-text screening, 23 studies were identified as meeting inclusion criteria. Data extraction was then completed and found that the studies collectively referenced nine theories. The specific theories identified covered a range of biopsychosocial frameworks and included attachment theory, familial transmission of suicide, conservation of resources framework, diathesis-stress model, social integration theory, socio-ecological model, social learning theory, critical period hypothesis or life course approach and the developmental model of antisocial behaviour. Limitations: It was beyond the scope of this review to conduct rigorous testing and evaluation of the theories identified. Future research could extend on this study by developing criteria to assess the range of theories and frameworks on suicide exposure, as well as the studies providing evidence for these theories, in order to guide more advanced theory development as well as policies, programs and interventions. Conclusions: Based on these theories, the authors proposed that using an integrated biopsychosocial model will provide a more comprehensive understanding of the diverse risk and protective factors for suicidal behaviour following parental death.

Aim The role of clinical pharmacists in the care of hospitalised general medicine patients is evolving from a reactive model of care to a model with an emphasis on interdisciplinary care and more advanced models of care. The purpose of this review was to evaluate the published literature on the effects of roles of clinical pharmacists that extend beyond those activities considered to be standard clinical practice in Australia, on clinical outcomes in hospitalised general medicine patients. Data sources A search of English‐language publications in six databases was conducted. Study selection Peer‐reviewed, English‐language articles were identified across the date range January 2000 to June 2020. Studies were included if they evaluated an inpatient pharmacy service in a general medicine population and the article included a study design with a clear comparator and outcomes such as medication errors or medication appropriateness. Studies evaluating pharmacists’ activities that are considered standard clinical practice for pharmacists in Australia, such as participation on ward rounds, medication reconciliation and patient education were excluded. Results Twelve studies met the inclusion criteria: four evaluating pharmacist‐led anticoagulation or thromboprophylaxis management, one evaluating pharmacist‐led vaccination, three evaluating a pharmacist charting model, two evaluating pharmacist‐led de‐escalation of therapy, one evaluating a pharmacist intervention in patients with chronic kidney disease and one evaluating pharmacist‐led glycaemic control. Conclusions The addition of advanced clinical pharmacist services in the care of general medicine inpatients generally resulted in improved care, with no evidence of harm. Future studies should include multiple sites, larger sample sizes, reproducible interventions and identification of patient‐specific factors that lead to improved outcomes.