Methodology for synthesizing of β- and δ-carboline via two steps reaction from 2,3-dibromopyridine and 3,4-dibromopyridine. The intermediate was prepared from the substrate with o-bromophenylboronic acid via site-selective Suzuki-Myaura reaction, then, the final products were obtained by double C-N coupling via the Ulmann reaction of the intermediate with the corresponding amine with copper catalyst.
The paper reported synthesizing 1,4-dihydropyridine (1,4-DHP) from β-ketoester, aromatic aldehyde, and ammonium acetate via a two-step, using heterogeneous catalyst Amberlyst-15 in high yields at room temperature. The method was applied to synthesize some 1,4-DHP derivatives. Moreover, the catalyst was reused at least five times without loss of catalytic activity under eco-friendly conditions.
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