This study aims to analyze local governments' efforts in promoting and implementing policies issued during COVID-19. It can also be seen what instruments are used by the government in the socialization of the policy, and the communication between local government officials and the media, society, and business can be seen. The method used in this research is descriptive with a qualitative approach to see the stages of communication in their role in socializing the Tangerang City Government's policies. The results showed that a policy's socialization had gone very well through various socialization of communications such as online media, print media, and electronic media. This type of socialization media is the main instrument of the Tangerang local government in disseminating policies. Another type of socialization is direct media or outreach to each village. It is recommended that the Tangerang City Government improve its performance in disseminating policies to achieve the resulting policy objectives to build public order towards the policies taken.

The science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) approach is a leading and important learning approach to analyze thinking ability and learning motivation. Accordingly, this study attempts to elaborate a STEM approach to analyze the critical thinking ability and motivation of high school students in Indonesia, especially in Palopo City, South Sulawesi, Indonesia. The current research applied pre-experimental treatment on research objects involving a group of experimental classes. Pre-experimental was used in testing the STEM approach in an experimental class with a one-group pretest–posttest design with 176 students divided into five classes. The results show: (1) improvement in students’ critical thinking ability indicated by an average pretest score of 13.90 and posttest score of 70.67; (2) an increase in student learning motivation shown by an average of 71.57–80.83. The analysis results show an increase in students’ critical thinking ability and learning motivation after applying the STEM approach. Conclusively, STEM functions as one of the practical learning methods for improving students’ critical thinking skills and learning motivation.

Reasoning has been extensively studied by many experts. However, Research on student reasoning in trigonometric problem solving, particularly those related to logical thinking skills is still sorely needed. This study aimed to explore students' reasoning in solving trigonometric function problems regarding logical thinking skills. The research was conducted using a qualitative approach. The research subjects involved high school students in Palopo, Indonesia. Based on the logical ability test results, three subjects were selected, namely students with high, medium, and low logical abilities. Research instruments in mathematical problem-solving tasks and interview guidelines are valid and reliable. Data collection was carried out through task-based interviews and think-aloud. The results of the study: (1) the reasoning subjects with high and moderate logical abilities in solving trigonometric function problems are the same in every type of question, always starting with inductive reasoning and then doing deductive reasoning (2) the reasoning of subjects with high and medium logical abilities is different in solving trigonometric function problems in the initial identification. Subjects with low logical ability showed no mental activity in solving trigonometric function problems. The research finding is that the subject has a high logical ability and is solving trigonometric function problems first by inductive reasoning and then deductive reasoning. In general, it is concluded that students with high and moderate logical abilities use inductive and deductive thinking patterns interchangeably in solving trigonometric function problems.

The urban development of learning is a key goal of the United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization (UNESCO). However, the drive to achieve urban learning requires several key points. Citizenship and cooperation are associated with developing the city of learning. This research studies the relationship between citizenship and cooperation in driving the learning city. The study uses the methodology of the structure-equation model (SEM) to study citizenship relationships. Cooperation and learning cities are based on civic data analysis of 500 samples. The result showed that the two observed variables were public participation and The four observed variables are: policy collaboration's positive effect on cooperation; citizen-subjectivity, citizen-intersubjectivity, citizen-sub politics, and citizen-globality's positive effect on citizenship; Furthermore, the six observed variables are: inclusive learning in the education system; revitalized learning in families and communities; effective learning for and in the workplace; expanded use of modern learning technologies; improved learning quality; and a vibrant culture of lifelong learning. In part of the regression between latent variables, we found that cooperation has a positive effect on learning cities (b=0.882), and citizenship has a positive effect on learning cities (b=0.056) and cooperation (b=0.217).

This research aims to study the network construction in the community planning of local government organizations in Kalasin province, Thailand. The data collected from document research and qualitative inquiry. Synthesize and process data are done to come up with an answer to the problems under consideration. The findings revealed that, the network for creating a community plan of local government organizations in Kalasin Province has 2 types: 1. Participatory networks which help empower networks to be a plan 2. Municipality Network: networks that designated by the state municipality