This is largest reported series of CML at diagnosis in children and adolescents. It shows that the characteristics of CML seem to differ in children compared with previously published adult series; in particular, the presenting leukocyte counts are often higher in children.

Two-dimensional numerical simulations are carried out to examine the problem of transient electroconvection stability of dielectric liquids subjected to unipolar injection. The entire set of electrohydrodynamics equations associated with the electroconvective phenomena that occur in a layer of a dielectric liquid between two parallel electrodes subjected to a potential difference are solved numerically. We first validate the numerical simulation by comparing our linear stability electroconvection criteria with those obtained by other authors with a stability approach. In this paper, we restrict the study to the strong injection case, which corresponds to values of the non-dimensional injection parameter C greater than or equal to 10. The numerical solution of the electroconvective problem is then presented for rigid lateral boundary conditions. A detailed analysis of the scenario that occurs for different characteristic values of the stability parameter T is provided. The flow structure and its behaviour highlight the existence of different regimes, from laminar to chaotic. The development of charged plumes has been observed in particular. We compute the electrical Nusselt number for different values of the stability parameter and ion mobility. The electrical Nusselt number saturates with increasing T, a fact that it is in agreement with available experimental data. Finally, a spectral analysis is conducted for different aspect ratios of the computational domain. The spectral analysis gives an insight into the physical origin of the velocity and current oscillations. C 2012 American Institute of Physics. [http://dx

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This work addresses the stability of a two-dimensional plane layer of a dielectric liquid enclosed in wall bounded cavities of different aspect ratios and subjected to unipolar injection of ions. Numerical simulations have been conducted to investigate the effect of lateral walls, especially in the development of the electroconvective instability. It is found that an unexpected change of the bifurcation nature occurs for certain cavity aspect ratios. We show that above the linear stability threshold for the rest state a supercritical bifurcation arises. This bifurcation takes place at a given value T(c1) of the parameter T (the electric Rayleigh number). Then, a second subcritical bifurcation occurs at a second threshold T(c2), featuring a typical hysteresis loop with an associated nonlinear criterion T(f), which is very characteristic of the Coulomb-driven convection. This behavior has been confirmed by different numerical codes based on different numerical methods. The physical mechanism which leads to this situation is analyzed and discussed. The evolution of the bifurcation diagrams with the aspect ratio of the cavity is also provided and analyzed.

In this work we discuss fundamental aspects of Electrohydrodynamic (EHD) conduction pumping of dielectric liquids. We build a mathematical model of conduction pumping that can be applied to all sizes, down to micro-sized pumps. In order to do this, we discuss the relevance of the Electrical Double Layer (EDL) that appears naturally on non-metallic substrates. In the process we identify a new dimensionless parameter, related to the value of the zeta potential of the substrate-liquid pair, that quantifies the influence of these EDLs on the performance of the pump. This parameter also describes the transition from EHD conduction pumping to electroosmosis. We also discuss in detail the two limiting working regimes in EHD conduction pumping: ohmic and saturation. We introduce a new dimensionless parameter, accounting for the electric field enhanced dissociation, that along with the conduction number, allows to identify in which regime the pump operates.