Abstract-We present a boundary integral method for the numerical solution of the rigorous problem of wave scattering from rough surfaces under grazing illumination. The model of a locally perturbated plane is adopted: a finite patch of rough surface has its roughness flattened at the edges. The boundary formulation unknowns are the tangential components of the scattered field, defined as the contribution from the rough area. This way, the numerical domain of study is correctly bounded, even with a plane wave as incident field, and the sampled area is made independent of the incidence. This rigorous approach, called the grazing method of moments, is implemented on two-dimensional perfectly conducting surfaces and validated by comparison with a reference numerical solution for surfaces with Gaussian correlation functions. Now, the validity of approximate models at low-grazing-angles can be investigated; the small perturbation method and the small slope approximation are addressed in this paper. Scattering diagrams show how the performances of these methods deteriorate drastically at backward scattering angles as the incidence goes to grazing.
Propagation and remote sensing / Propagation et télédétection Low-grazing angles scattering of electromagnetic waves from one-dimensional natural surfaces: Rigorous and approximate theories
Théories rigoureuses et approchées pour la diffraction des ondes électromagnétiques par des surfaces unidimensionnelles aux angles rasants
A low density medium like a gas is attractive for laser amplification due to its high breakdown threshold and scalability to very large volumes. Moreover, the non-linear index of refraction of a gas is of three orders of magnitude lower than for a solid medium that is particularly suitable for direct amplification, without pulse stretching, of high-power ultrashort pulses. Among all gas laser media, application of the photolytical XeF(C-A) laser for high energy amplification is very attractive for the development of ultra-high power laser systems up to the petawatt power level due to the XeF(C-A) broad amplification bandwidth (80 nm FWHM centered near 475 nm) and a rather high saturation fluence (~0.05 J.cm -2 ), as well as a very low level of Amplified Spontaneous Emission. The paper presents the strategy of the LP3 laboratory to develop a high-contrast multiterawatt femtosecond laser chain based on a hybrid (solid/gas) technology, including a Ti:Sapphire oscillator generating 50 fs pulses at 950 nm, an Optical Parametric Chirped Pulse Amplification stage, a frequency converter, and a final high-energy amplification in the photolytical XeF(C-A) amplifier. Our approach is supported by first pilot experiments of femtosecond pulse amplification in a compact photolytical XeF(C-A) amplifier.
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