The ongoing interpretation of Dupuit's conflict with the French liberal school on the question of justice consists of a simple opposition between public utility and natural rights. This paper aims to show that Dupuit's position is far more complex: justice is based on welfare�-�and thus on public utility�-�although natural rights are not excluded from his scheme. An understanding of Dupuit's concept requires a clarification of the differences between three notions�-�public interest, welfare and public utility�-�and, by the same token, of the factors linking each notion to the others.Jules Dupuit, justice, general interest, welfare, the School of Paris,
The emergence of railroads in France in the nineteenth century raised new debates on analytical issues. The issue lies in the fact that they are natural monopolies. In this paper, I focus on Jules Dupuit's work on the operations of the railroads. Curiously, he seemed to have defended two contrasting positions: on the one hand, he claimed that unlimited competition is the most effi cient way to operate in the railroads; on the other, he stated that State management was the best way to run them. I aim to restore the consistency of Dupuit's positions. I show that, for him, unlimited competition is not possible in the railroads and that it is not necessarily good for the welfare of society. Therefore, the State should regulate this sector. Then, I specify the conditions under which Dupuit believed the State should manage the railroads instead of offering concessions to private companies.
Bien que les projets de quartiers de gare (QG) se soient multipliés depuis une trentaine d’années, peu de littérature explore à ce jour la question des formes de valorisation des nœuds de transport, et des QG en particulier. La compréhension de ces formes de valorisation, c’est-à-dire le contenu des programmes urbains visant à valoriser le foncier, nécessite d’appréhender la valeur économique créée par ces projets, ainsi que sa répartition entre les différents acteurs de l’aménagement. L’objectif de cet article est de préciser les liens entre les formes de valorisation et la valeur économique créée dans les projets de QG, en se focalisant sur la phase aval du projet, c’est-à-dire sa mise en œuvre opérationnelle. L’exemple de la transformation du QG de Metz permet de montrer comment la programmation s’écarte progressivement du projet initial afin de préserver la valeur économique anticipée par l’aménageur pour réaliser l’opération.
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