Cost-effective strategies to maintain healthy active lifestyle in aging populations are required to address the global burden of age-related diseases. ASPREE will examine whether the potential primary prevention benefits of low dose aspirin outweigh the risks in older healthy individuals. Our primary hypothesis is that daily oral 100 mg enteric-coated aspirin will extend a composite primary endpoint termed ‘disability-free life’ including onset of dementia, total mortality, or persistent disability in at least one of the Katz Activities of Daily Living in 19,000 healthy participants aged 65 years and above (‘US minorities’) and 70 years and above (non ‘US minorities’). ASPREE is a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial of oral 100 mg enteric-coated acetyl salicylic acid (ASA) or matching placebo being conducted in Australian and US community settings on individuals free of dementia, disability and cardiovascular disease (CVD) events. Secondary endpoints are all-cause and cause specific mortality, fatal and non-fatal cardiovascular events, fatal and non-fatal cancer (excluding non-melanoma skin cancer), dementia, mild cognitive impairment, depression, physical disability, and clinically significant bleeding. To 20 September 2013 14383 participants have been recruited. Recruitment and study completion is anticipated in July 2014 and December 2018 respectively. In contrast to other aspirin trials that have largely focused on cardiovascular endpoints, ASPREE has a unique composite primary endpoint to better capture the overall risk and benefit of aspirin to extend healthy independent lifespan in older adults in the US and Australia.
Abstractbronchodilatation, 1 reduction in diurnal variation in peak expiratory flow, improvement in Background -Salbutamol is the most widely prescribed short acting 2 agonist daytime and nocturnal symptoms, reduction in requirement for a short acting bronchodilator, 2 3and salmeterol is the first long acting inhaled 2 agonist. The dose equivalence of and increased quality of life 4 in asthmatic patients. Bronchodilatation 5 6 and protection salmeterol and salbutamol is disputed. Estimates of weight-for-weight dose ratio against non-specific bronchial challenge with histamine 7 or methacholine 8 are maintained for have ranged from 1:2 to 1:16. A study was undertaken to clarify the true dose ratio.at least 12 hours after a single dose of salmeterol compared with 4-6 hours after salbutamol. Methods -The bronchoprotection afforded against repeated methacholine chalSalmeterol and salbutamol have similar 2 receptor selectivity 9 but dose equivalence is lenge by inhaled salmeterol 25 g and 100 g and salbutamol 100 g and 400 g disputed, estimates of the weight-for-weight dose ratio ranging from 1:2 to 1:16 in single was compared in a randomised, double blind, placebo controlled, crossover trial. dose studies.5 7 10 11 In the light of continuing debate regarding a possible association between Subjects were 16 stable asthmatics with a baseline forced expiratory volume in one the use of 2 agonists and increasing asthma morbidity and mortality worldwide and consecond (FEV 1 ) of [65% predicted, screening concentration provoking a fall in FEV 1 cern about relative potencies of different agents, 12 it is important that the relative poof 20% (PC 20 FEV 1 ) of Ζ8 mg/ml, and a shift in PC 20 FEV 1 of more than two doubling tencies of these two drugs be defined.Increased responsiveness to non-specific concentration steps following inhalation of salbutamol 400 g. On five separate oc-bronchoconstrictor agents is a characteristic feature of clinical asthma 13 and inhaled hiscasions subjects underwent methacholine challenge before and 30 and 120 minutes tamine or methacholine bronchoprovocation tests are commonly used in diagnosis in patients after drug administration. PD 20 FEV 1 was calculated for each challenge. FEV 1 at 90 who present with vague or atypical symptoms. 14The aim of this placebo controlled study was minutes after drug administration was also recorded.to compare the potency of salmeterol and salbutamol in asthmatic subjects by measurement Results -Bronchoprotection afforded by salmeterol was increased at 120 minutes of the protection afforded by salmeterol 25 g and 100 g and salbutamol 100 g and 400 g compared with 30 minutes and protection by salbutamol was decreased. Protection against repeated methacholine challenge. The
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