To meet todays challenges in ISR (Intelligence, Surveillance and Reconnaissance) defense coalitions Systems of Systems (SOS) architectures are needed that are flexible, function in a networked environment and support relevant operational doctrine and processes. To enable the distributed production of intelligence in networked operations the Intelligence Cycle and Joint ISR (JISR) provide process descriptions that adhere to multinational and multisystem collaboration. An interoperable SOS architecture supporting those processes needs to make use of standards for data/information management with a special focus on dissemination.The NATO ISR Interoperability Architecture (NIIA) and supportive standards (STANAGS-standardization agreements) have been specified to provide a solution to these needs. In terms of data distribution, STANAG 4559 is the core standard of relevance here. It defines a concept, data-and information models, interfaces and services to support information dissemination according to JISR. The current specification for synchronization of JISR results however has some deficiencies in terms of implementation complexity, flexibility, robustness and performance. Thus, there is a need for a new approach to data dissemination in networks implementing STANAG 4559 that enables the usage of all aspects currently supported by this standard but seeks to solve the known issues.Thereupon this paper presents requirements for data dissemination in a JISR enterprise, derives key performance indicators (KPIs), identifies possible technical approaches and finally defines a new solution based on the concept of Hash Tries. Here a tree-based data structure is organized based on hashes of nodes, which allows a quick identification of changes in replicated data.
Nowadays, ever larger amounts of data are being generated, processed and linked. This enables to share data with other people or communities and to work collaboratively and evaluate data. Depending on the use case, environment and domain there are different aspects to consider regarding data security, availability, data protection etc.In the military environment, a concept and derived specifications for data distribution were standardized as STANAG 4559 and are already used operationally. The advantages of such a solution can also be of interest for other domains with similar needs.A possible use case is in the context of research data. Especially in areas where huge amounts of data with specific features are needed, it is often difficult to access (enough) research data and as a result, the outcome of the research is of limited quality. As every research institution creates its own data it would be helpful to have a possibility to share data and information amongst each other in a standardized way. The possibility of the aggregation from individual authorities results in a joint data pool. The research based on such a data pool can be more (cost) efficient, the quality increases due to the broader data sets and aspects like anomaly detection could be enforced. We present an idea of a concept to use a military data distribution standard for civil applications by defining data model extensions and considering security aspects and obstacles that may occur from various aspects such as the military characteristic and inflexibility of the standard and the data model.
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