Autonomous systems are on the rise. However, the challenge to test autonomous systems to ensure their safe and fault‐free behaviour is not solved yet. This is especially critical when we consider the fact that autonomous systems are often safety‐critical systems envisaged to interact with humans without explicit human supervision. This paper points out why testing autonomous systems is such a challenge and provides an overview of the current state‐of‐the‐art theory and practice. The gathered information is then condensed into guiding points for the way forward.

Abstract. System development and integration with a sufficient maturity at entry into service is a competitive challenge in the aerospace sector. With the ever-increasing complexity of products, this can only be achieved using efficient model-based techniques for system design as well as for system testing. However, natural language requirements engineering is an established technique that cannot be completely replaced for a number of reasons. This is a fact that has to be considered by any new approach. Building on the general idea of model-based systems engineering, we aim at building an integrated virtual verification environment for modeling systems, requirements, and test cases, so that system designs can be simulated and verified against the requirements in the early stages of system development. This paper provides a description of the virtual verification of system designs against system requirements methodology and exemplifies its application in a ModelicaML modeling environment.

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This paper presents a framework for integrated executable architectures, which is the integration of architecture modelling tools and simulation tools. This framework allows the use of executable architectures during the conceptual analysis and design phases in order to address system complexity at an early stage of the development. The proposed concept of integrated executable architecture enables a dynamic combination of the formerly separated and static areas of business processes, system design and resource modelling. It provides time-based, dynamic visualisation of system behaviour by combining business process simulation, system simulation and synthetic environments. This allows an early understanding of emergent behaviour, time-dependent behaviour and performance estimation of the architecture.

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