The computed fluoride ion affinity (FIA) is a valuable descriptor to assess the Lewis acidity of a compound. Despite its widespread use, the varying accuracy of applied computational models hampers the broad comparability of literature data. Herein, we evaluate the performance of selected methods (like DLPNO-CCSD(T)) in FIA computations against CCSD(T)/CBS data and guide for the choice of suitable density functionals that allow the treatment of larger Lewis acids. Based on the benchmarked methods, we computed an extensive set of gas-phase and solvation corrected FIA, that is covering group 13-16 elements featuring moderate to strong electron-withdrawing substituents (190 entries). It permits an unbiased comparison of FIA over a significant fraction of the periodic table, serves as a source of reference for future synthetic or theoretical studies, and allows to derive some simple design principles for strong fluoride ion acceptors. Finally, the manuscript includes a tutorial section for the computation of FIA with and without the consideration of solvation.

IUPAC defines Lewis acidity as the thermodynamic tendency for Lewis pair formation. This strength property was recently specified as global Lewis acidity (gLA), and is gauged for example by the fluoride ion affinity. Experimentally, Lewis acidity is usually evaluated by the effect on a bound molecule, such as the induced 31P NMR shift of triethylphosphine oxide in the Gutmann–Beckett (GB) method. This type of scaling was called effective Lewis acidity (eLA). Unfortunately, gLA and eLA often correlate poorly, but a reason for this is unknown. Hence, the strength and the effect of a Lewis acid are two distinct properties, but they are often granted interchangeably. The present work analyzes thermodynamic, NMR specific, and London dispersion effects on GB numbers for 130 Lewis acids by theory and experiment. The deformation energy of a Lewis acid is identified as the prime cause for the critical deviation between gLA and eLA but its correction allows a unification for the first time.

The computed fluoride ion affinity (FIA) is a widely applied descriptor to gauge Lewis acidity. Like every other single‐parameter Lewis acidity scale, the FIA metric suffers from the one‐dimensionality, that prohibits addressing Lewis acidity by the multidimensionality it inherently requires (i. e., reference Lewis base dependency). However, a systematic screening of computed affinities other than the FIA is much less developed. Herein, we extended our CCSD(T)/CBS benchmark of different density functionals and the DLPNO‐CCSD(T) method for chloride (CIA), methide (MIA), hydride (HIA), water (WA), and ammonia (AA) affinities. The best performing methods are subsequently applied to yield nearly 800 affinities for 183 p‐block element compounds of group 13–16 with an estimated accuracy of <10 kJ mol−1. The study‘s output serves as a consistent library for qualitative analyses and a training set for future statistical approaches. A first holistic correlation analysis underscores the need for a multidimensional description of Lewis acidity.

Anionic hypercoordinated silicates with weak donors were proposed as key intermediates in numerous silicon‐based reactions. However, their short‐lived nature rendered even spectroscopic observations highly challenging. Here, we characterize hypercoordinated silicon anions, including the first bromido‐, iodido‐, formato‐, acetato‐, triflato‐ and sulfato‐silicates. This is enabled by a new, donor‐free polymeric form of Lewis superacidic bis(perchlorocatecholato)silane 1. Spectroscopic, structural, and computational insights allow a reassessment of Gutmann's empirical rules for the role of silicon hypercoordination in synthesis and catalysis. The electronic perturbations of 1 exerted on the bound anions indicate pronounced substrate activation.

The dynamic covalent chemistry (DCvC) of the Si−O bond holds unique opportunities, but has rarely been employed to assemble discrete molecular architectures. This may be due to the harsh conditions required to initiate exchange reactions at silicon in aprotic solvents. Herein, we provide a comprehensive experimental and computational account on the reaction of trialkoxysilanes with alcohols and identify mild conditions for rapid exchange in aprotic solvents. Substituent, solvent and salt effects are uncovered, understood and exploited for the construction of sila‐orthoester cryptates. A sharp, divergent pH‐response of the obtained cages renders this substance class attractive for future applications well beyond host‐guest chemistry, for instance, in drug delivery.

IUPAC defines Lewis acidity as the thermodynamic tendency for Lewis pair formation. This strength property was recently specified as global Lewis acidity (gLA), and is gauged for example by the fluoride ion affinity. Experimentally, Lewis acidity is usually evaluated by the effect on a bound molecule, such as the induced 31P NMR shift of triethylphosphine oxide in the Gutmann–Beckett (GB) method. This type of scaling was called effective Lewis acidity (eLA). Unfortunately, gLA and eLA often correlate poorly, but a reason for this is unknown. Hence, the strength and the effect of a Lewis acid are two distinct properties, but they are often granted interchangeably. The present work analyzes thermodynamic, NMR specific, and London dispersion effects on GB numbers for 130 Lewis acids by theory and experiment. The deformation energy of a Lewis acid is identified as the prime cause for the critical deviation between gLA and eLA but its correction allows a unification for the first time.

Anionic hypercoordinated silicates with weak donors were proposed as key intermediates in numerous silicon‐based reactions. However, their short‐lived nature rendered even spectroscopic observations highly challenging. Here, we characterize hypercoordinated silicon anions, including the first bromido‐, iodido‐, formato‐, acetato‐, triflato‐ and sulfato‐silicates. This is enabled by a new, donor‐free polymeric form of Lewis superacidic bis(perchlorocatecholato)silane 1. Spectroscopic, structural, and computational insights allow a reassessment of Gutmann's empirical rules for the role of silicon hypercoordination in synthesis and catalysis. The electronic perturbations of 1 exerted on the bound anions indicate pronounced substrate activation.

The dynamic covalent chemistry (DCvC) of the SiÀ O bond holds unique opportunities, but has rarely been employed to assemble discrete molecular architectures. This may be due to the harsh conditions required to initiate exchange reactions at silicon in aprotic solvents. Herein, we provide a comprehensive experimental and computational account on the reaction of trialkoxysilanes with alcohols and identify mild conditions for rapid exchange in aprotic solvents. Substituent, solvent and salt effects are uncovered, understood and exploited for the construction of silaorthoester cryptates. A sharp, divergent pH-response of the obtained cages renders this substance class attractive for future applications well beyond host-guest chemistry, for instance, in drug delivery.