17The keyhole wasp (Pachodynerus nasidens Latreille 1812), a mud-nesting wasp 18 native to South and Central America and the Caribbean, is a relatively recent (2010) 19 arrival in Australia. In its native range it is known to use man-made cavities to 20 construct nests. A series of serious safety incidents Brisbane Airport related to the 21 obstruction of vital airspeed measuring pitot probes on aircraft possibly caused by 22 was a significant predictor of nesting, and probe volume may determine the sex of 36 emerging wasps. 37 38 4 species are rare [9]. Indeed, it is known in USA as the "keyhole wasp". It will also 63 nest in the ground and construct mud nests attached to plants: this plasticity in 64 nesting behaviour is remarkable [5] and allows the species to adapt to new 65 opportunities for nesting in novel environments. It is a relatively small wasp, 66 distinguished from other species in the genus by the relatively short thorax and dull 67 yellow-brown markings (as opposed to bright yellow) on distal abdominal tergites 68[10]. 69In its native range it is found in grasslands and swamps dominated by grasses and 70 sedges [11]. It is found at similar latitudes in South America (e.g. Guarapuava, Brazil) 71 as in Brisbane, from high altitudes (1120 m) in climates with cool wet seasons and 72 frosts to sea level [11]. 73
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