Solutions of chromium(II), europium(II), or vanadium(II) chloride in hydrochloric acid evolve molecular hydrogen rapidly in the presence of trace concentrations of the cobalt(II) macrocycle Co(dmgBF2)2. The stoichiometry for Cr(II) corresponds to the net reaction Cr2+ + Cl" + H+ = CrCl2+ + '/2H2. The kinetics are described quite adequately by the Michaelis-Menten scheme. Kinetic studies of the reaction were made during the pre-steady-state phase, during which an intensely absorbing intermediate forms, and also at longer times during the steady-state phase when the pseudo-steady-state concentration of the intermediate slowly declined as the substrate was consumed. Arguments are given in support of the intermediate being [(H20)5Cr-C!-Co(dmgFB2)2]+. Its dissociation leads, in acidic solution, to the hydridocobalt complex HCo(dmgBF2)2, which is responsible for H2 formation. Bromide ions, but not perchlorate, also give catalytic H2 production, whereas iodide forms a ternary complex that does not decompose.
Objective: To compare the insulin sensitivity and adiponectin levels of medication-free patients suffering from schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder with that of matched healthy volunteers. Method: We evaluated 9 nondiabetic patients aged 26.6 years (median 26 years, range 17 to 41 years) and matched volunteers, using the frequently sampled intravenous glucose tolerance test, minimal model analysis, and fasting adiponectin levels. Results: The mean insulin sensitivity index of the patients was 42% lower than that of the healthy volunteers ( P = 0.026), with inadequate compensation in insulin secretion. Patients with schizophrenia tended to have reduced adiponectin levels ( P = 0.055). Conclusions: By direct measurement, this study provides evidence of insulin resistance and susceptibility to type 2 diabetes in patients with schizophrenia who are free of antipsychotic drugs.
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