Lectures can be digitally recorded and replayed to provide multimedia revision material for students who attended the class and a substitute learning experience for students unable to attend. Deaf and hard of hearing people can find it difficult to follow speech through hearing alone or to take notes while they are lip-reading or watching a sign-language interpreter. Synchronising the speech with text captions can ensure deaf students are not disadvantaged and assist all learners to search for relevant specific parts of the multimedia recording by means of the synchronised text. Automatic speech recognition has been used to provide real-time captioning directly from lecturers' speech in classrooms but it has proved difficult to obtain accuracy comparable to stenography. This paper describes the development, testing and evaluation of a system that enables editors to correct errors in the captions as they are created by automatic speech recognition and makes suggestions for future possible improvements.
In the same way that Wikis have become the mechanism that has enabled groups of users to collaborate on the production of hypertexts on the web, Semantic Wikis promise a future of collaboration on the production of semantically linked and ontologically structured hypertexts. In this paper we describe our efforts to convert an existing ontologically structured web site called FREMA into a Semantic Wiki specifically to enable community contribution. We compare a number of existing Semantic Wikis, and explore how the notion of semantics-on-demand affects a system's ability to control the creation of useful ontologies and annotations. The FREMA case study introduces a number of the problems we encountered and solved, and sets the template for others considering implementing web-based knowledge bases using Semantic Wikis. Our conclusions will contribute to the agenda for those implementing the next generation of Semantic Wikis.
Wiki systems have developed over the past years as lightweight, community-editable, web-based hypertext systems. With the emergence of semantic wikis such as Semantic MediaWiki [6], these collections of interlinked documents have also gained a dual role as ad-hoc RDF [7] graphs. However, their roots lie in the limited hypertext capabilities of the World Wide Web [1]: embedded links, without support for features like composite objects or transclusion. Collaborative editing on wikis has been hampered by redundancy; much of the effort spent on Wikipedia is used keeping content synchronised and organised.[3] We have developed a model for a system, which we have prototyped and are evaluating, which reintroduces ideas from the field of hypertext to help alleviate this burden. In this paper, we present a model for what we term an 'open semantic hyperwiki' system, drawing from both past hypermedia models, and the informal model of modern semantic wiki systems. An 'open semantic hyperwiki' is a reformulation of the popular semantic wiki technology in terms of the long-standing field of hypermedia, which then highlights and resolves the omissions of hypermedia technology made by the World Wide Web and the applications built around its ideas. In particular, our model supports first-class linking, where links are managed separately from nodes. This is then enhanced by the system's ability to embed links into other nodes and separate them out again, allowing for a user editing experience similiar to HTML-style embedded links, while still gaining the advantages of separate links. We add to this transclusion, which allows for content sharing by including the content of one node into another, and edit-time transclusion, which allows users to edit pages containing shared content without the need to follow a sequence of indirections to find the actual text they wish to modify. Our model supports more advanced linking mechanisms, such as generic links, which allow words in the wiki to be used as link endpoints. The development of this model has been driven by our prior experimental work on the limitations of existing wikis and user interaction.We have produced a prototype implementation which provides first-class links, transclusion, and generic links.
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