Breast cancer has increasingly become a disease of high morbidity and mortality globally, and in the sub-Saharan African region in particular. Therefore, there is a need to review the current status of breast cancer in the region in the last decade. Though Africa has one of the lowest incidence rates, it has the highest mortality rate globally. There have been reported inter- and intra-country variations in breast cancer morbidity and mortality in the region, with East Africa having the largest incidence rate increase, while southern Africa experiences the lowest increase between 2008 and 2012. Histology remains the commonest modality of diagnosis in sub-Saharan Africa; with invasive ductal cancers being the commonest among patients. Novel genes have also been popular among certain populations, in the presence of the more popular BRACA genes. Adverse outcomes reported include physical and mental health outcomes, which have been linked to some health behaviours. There has been varying modalities of treatments across the region. Therefore, there is a need for better organized and improved screening/diagnostics service accessibility in resource-constrained settings in sub-Saharan Africa. There should also be increased awareness creation among African populations about the availability of treatment facilities and modalities in their communities.
Introduction household food insecurity is a critical social determinant of health globally. There is a rising global prevalence of food insecurity which affects households’ access to food of adequate quantity and quality. This study assessed the level of food security and its socio-demographic determinants among rural households. Methods this is a cross-sectional community survey among 201 rural households in Langai district representing a total population of 1,284. Reported food security was assessed using Food Consumption Scores and Coping Strategy Index. Data were analysed with SPSS 21. Analysis was done to assess the level of food-security associated factors. Multivariable analysis was done to assess determinants of food security. P-value <0.05 is considered significant. Results forty-three percent of all households have a total income greater than the national minimum wage. Overall, 21.4% are quality-food insecure (FCS), 6.5% have severe coping behaviour (CSI-food insecure) and 34.8% are highly economically vulnerable to food insecurity. Significant predictors of household food security include women earning than the basic monthly wage (AOR: 4.29 [95%CI: 1.34-13.71]; p=0.014); those without marital partners (AOR: 4.91 [95%CI: 1.01-23.90]; p=0.049); smaller household size (≤ 5) (AOR: 2.69 [95%CI: 1.16-6.24]; p=0.021); and those not receiving financial support (AOR: 2.68 [95%CI: 1.17-6.13]; p=0.020). Conclusion almost a quarter of all households’ experience food insecurity with more than one-third being highly vulnerable to food insecurity. Efforts should be made to cushion the effect of global food insecurity among vulnerable populations and improve livelihood through improved agricultural practices to have sustainable and equitable food security.
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