This paper examines the issue of ethnicity relations with the Regional Head Election in Medan City on Mayor and Vice Mayor Election Year 2010.This research was conducted in Medan City by analyzing the result of Recapitulation of vote acquisition to candidate pairs who contest elections on 2 in each of 21 Subdistricts in Medan City. The method of writing is descriptive qualitative based on the analysis of the matrix of the vote in each candidate.The acquisition of data were collected by purposive sampling, combined with snowball sampling, especially on informants who will be interviewed from each sub-district by referring to the ethnic base. Furthermore, the secondary of data from the Recapitulation that has been Analyzed will be seen in conformity with the primaries of data from in-depth interviews to the informants and participant observation as well as the documentation of photo activities during the field. The conclusion is that at the Mayoral Election of 2010 round I, Rahudman-Eldin pair performed well with a vote of 51.72%, Followed by the couple Sopyan Nelly in second with 48.28% of votes. In the second round, RahudmanEldin succeeded in getting 65.88% while the couple Sopyan Tan Nelly votes only get as much as 34.12% .The victory of Rahudman Eldin gives clues to ethnic correlation. The figure of the couple Rahudman Eldin is a figure that represent Mandailings ethnic, Malay and Islam. This ethnic is almost spread in 21 sub-districts. The voice of support from any sub-districts to the couple Rahudman Eldin is represented the citizens of Medan City. Strong support for the couple Rahudman and Eldin, derived from many ethnic Including with the label of Islam. It has been made this pair relatively can be accepted by the citizens of Medan city. While the couple Sopyan Tan and Nelly somewhat difficult, to get support from people because the figure of SopyanTan and Nelly did not get fully support from the citizens of Medan city, especially from Moslem people.
Abstract-The aims of this study is to describe the adaptation strategy done by Batak Toba ethnic who moved to Alas Land. This study uses qualitative research design with anethnographic approach. The technique of data collection was taken by deep interview, observing the community participation, and study of literature. Informants were selected by using purposive samplings, such as village chief, Batak Toba figure who know the history of the village and the people who moved and lives at TerutungMbelang village, Kutacane. Data were analyzed by theethnographic approach. The finding shows that Batak Toba ethnic moved to Alas Land for getting prosperity of life that they did not get on their land, Batak Toba ethnic got information about Alas Land from road laborers who built roads from Sidikalang to Alas Land. The adaptation strategy was making anarea or village for Batak Toba ethnic called pupa (Capsule) as the ethnic fortress, as farmers Batak Toba ethnic shared the information and knowledge about farming rice to Alas ethnic, taught thealphabet and helped Alas ethnic to think ahead. Batak Toba ethnic built church on Batak Toba ethnic settlement as the symbol that shown Batak Toba ethnic area.The obstacles happened when Alas ethnic had been jealous upon the success of Batak Toba ethnic in their Land. Then, wanted to chase away Batak Toba ethnic. The conflict was solved by holding deliberation and consensus led by theregent and thevillage chief.
Toba Batak people believe that there is a rite that will be passed by all humans, namely: Birth, Marriage and death. When the process of birth, marriage and death take place then there is a belief that every time they pass through these rites, humans must hold a tradition that aims as gratitude for the achievement and to avoid disaster. The author takes the focus in the birth rite, because in this birth rite there is a belief in the Toba Batak community of supernatural powers that can interfere at any time than mothers and newborns. The Toba Batak people believe that every new mother and baby undergo surgery, both normally and through surgery in vulnerable and weak conditions so that efforts are needed to keep mothers and newborns away from the evil spirit's power. The Toba Batak community had long ago made various efforts aimed at keeping mothers and babies away from these evil forces, namely by making strings of leaves that had magical powers placed near the mother and newborn, installing fireplaces under the mattress in order to keep the evil forces unable to approach, because according to their beliefs, the evil forces did not dare to heat. From all these efforts, it turns out that the medical benefits of all these efforts can be explained, one of which is by placing a string of cereals, cereals can ward off mosquitoes, while the embers installed under the bed to keep mothers and newborns warm at night days and can recover immediately from the former operation of the birth process. All of these efforts have the aim of avoiding accidents, and this tradition has a path from the beginning of birth until seven days after birth, when arriving on the seventh day a thanksgiving event is known as Esek-esek. The author sees that there are many advantages to this tradition. Aside from keeping mothers and babies away from magical power, it can also be a place for community to gather, so that they can become a place of friendship between the far and near.
Nowadays when looking at the behavior of students in the learning process at school, it is known that a student learns because it is an obligation not a necessity. As a result, students do not understand the learning material delivered by the teacher. For this reason, a teacher is required to find the main problem of these problems so that the right solution can be found. This research is a research development (Research and Development). This development research was carried out to produce learning tools which would then be tested in class. Learning tools developed are learning tools with local-based teaching materials in Inquiry Learning. The results of observations through observation and interviews with teachers and students of Class IVSD Negeri 105346 Araskabu in the field showed that teaching and learning activities were almost completely dominated by teachers using conventional methods, namely lectures, notes and assignments. Activities carried out by students during the learning process include sitting neatly, listening to the teacher teach, taking notes, and doing questions. There are also many students who chat and enjoy their respective activities during the learning process. Most elementary school teachers consider themselves to be the introduction of knowledge. When teachers carry out the teaching and learning process in the classroom, learning activity is rarely found that involves students being actively involved, such as discussing, making discoveries, or testing a concept or theory using one of the learning approaches. Such learning will cause negative reactions for students, such as: (1) Students look lethargic, not enthusiastic and even sleepy; (2) Students find learning boring; (3) The results of learning are not in accordance with what is stated in the learning objectives. The negative reactions above lead to low student understanding because the methods used by the teacher are not in accordance with the characteristics of the students being faced.
This research initiates from the problem of learning outcomes and student interest in learning is still low. Thus, it triggers to conduct this research which aims to: (1) determine the effectiveness of using thematic teaching materials based on local history using developed scientific learning that can increase student positive responses and (2) Determine the effectiveness of using thematic teaching materials based on local history using scientific learning that is developed to improve student learning outcomes. It is a development research. The subjects in this study are 30 students in grade IV1 and IV2 at Percobaan state primary school Medan and the object in this study is a learning device in the form of local history-based teaching materials using scientific learning. The data collection instruments used consisted of test results and student interest in learning questionnaires. The results show that: (1) the student's response to the components and learning activities using learning tools oriented to the scientific learning model. They have reached the specified criteria, namely the response using learning tools is positive and (2) the effectiveness of the learning tools developed using the learning model, it can be seen that the obtained score is 86.67% viewed from the minimum moderate learning outcomes. It has exceeded the predetermined tolerance limit, which is at least 85% in moderate criteria.
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