Objective To report overall rate and type of complications and outcomes of cats with coxofemoral luxation managed with hip toggle stabilization (HTS), to compare rate of postoperative complications and outcomes of cats treated with ultrahigh–molecular‐weight‐polyethylene (UHMWPE) or nylon, and to identify risk factors for reluxation and non‐excellent outcomes. Study design Multi‐institutional retrospective cohort study. Sample population Forty‐eight client‐owned cats. Methods Medical records of cats that underwent HTS from 2008‐2018 using UHMWPE or nylon were reviewed. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression was performed to assess for factors associated with reluxation and non‐excellent outcome. Final outcome was obtained from owner questionnaire. Results Intraoperative and postoperative complications were recorded in two (4.2%) and 11 (24.4%) cats, respectively. The most common postoperative complication was reluxation (n = 5 [11.1%]). Outcome was classified as excellent in 81.1% and good in 16.2% of cats after a median of 445.5 days (range, 53‐3720). No difference in rate of complications or outcomes was identified between UHMWPE and nylon. Performance of additional orthopedic procedures, occurrence of intraoperative complications, and non‐performance of capsulorrhaphy were associated with reluxation. Performance of additional non‐hip procedures (orthopedic/nonorthopedic) was associated with non‐excellent outcome. Conclusion Hip toggle stabilization was associated with a low rate of intraoperative complications and reluxation and excellent long‐term outcomes in most cats. No difference in rate of postoperative complications or outcomes of cats treated using UHMWPE or nylon was identified. Cats that underwent additional orthopedic procedures had greater risk of reluxation. Clinical significance Hip toggle stabilization is an effective technique for management of coxofemoral luxation in cats. Comparable results are expected using UHMWPE or nylon.

Objective: To determine the preoperative and postoperative effect of nebulized epinephrine on brachycephalic obstructive airway syndrome (BOAS) severity in dogs. Study design: Prospective clinical study. Sample population: Thirty-one client-owned pugs, French bulldogs, and English bulldogs with moderate to severe BOAS. Methods: Whole body barometric plethysmography was used to determine BOAS severity (BOAS index; 0%-100%) prior to and after nebulization with 0.05 mg/kg epinephrine diluted in 0.9% saline preoperatively. The same protocol was repeated postoperatively (within 24 hours of surgery). Results: Five dogs were excluded because they did not tolerate nebulization, and postoperative data were available for 13 dogs. Epinephrine nebulization resulted in a decreased BOAS index across all breeds of dog both before (9.6% [3.1% to −30.2%], n = 26) and after surgery (14.3% [0.9% to −24.3%], n = 13). The preoperative reduction in BOAS index was greater (17.3% [1.8% to −27.4%]) in dogs with a baseline BOAS index >70% (P = .006) and in pugs (16.9% [0.8% to −27.4%]) compared with French bulldogs (5.2% [3.1% to −30.2%], P = .03). Simple linear regression was used to identify a positive relationship between baseline BOAS index and reduction in BOAS index for pugs (n = 10, P = .001). Nausea was noted as a side effect in four dogs. Conclusion: Nebulized epinephrine reduced the BOAS index of dogs in this study. This effect was clinically significant in preoperative dogs with a BOAS index >70% and in dogs recovering from surgery. Clinical significance: This study provides evidence to support the use of nebulized epinephrine in the perioperative management of BOAS-affected dogs.

A four-month-old, entire male, German wirehaired pointer presented with tenesmus due to type I atresia ani and with urination observed through this stenosed anal opening. A positive contrast retrograde urethrogram demonstrated a urethrorectal fistula and stricture of the penile urethra. Urine culture revealed heavy mixed bacterial growth, which was treated with appropriate antibiotics. Surgical correction of the congenital urethrorectal fistula was performed via a perineal approach with a 3.5 French catheter placed retrograde into the fistula to facilitate its dissection. The anal stenosis was addressed by surgical anoplasty and the urethral stricture via a scrotal urethrostomy. The dog recovered well with the owner reporting complete resolution of the clinical signs and urination via the urethrostomy site at six months postoperatively. To the authors’ knowledge, this is the first reported case of congenital urethrorectal fistula associated with type 1 atresia ani in a male dog.