The preparation and full NMR (1H, 13C and 31P) characterisation of three [R3PAu(2mba)] complexes, Where R = Et, Ph and Cy, and 2mba is the anion derived from 2-mercaptobenzoic acid is reported. An interesting solvent dependence in the 1H spectra is rationalised in terms of competing intra- and inter-molecular hydrogen bonding. An X-ray analysis of the [Ph3 PAu(2mba)] species reveals a linear P—Au—S arrangement and association in the lattice via the familar carboxylic acid dimer motif. The in Vitro cytotoxicity against seven human tumout lines is also described. The complexes display moderate to very high activity. Particularly noteworthy is their greater activity against the H226 cell line (non-small cell lung cancer) compared with that displayed by a range of cytotoxic drugs.
Neyroud and Beckley suggest that 'human rights have replaced capitalism and socialism, the sparring partners of the second half of the twentieth century, as the "big idea" for the new millennium'. Whether or not this is true, their book could hardly be more timely. The events in New York and Washington on 11 September have led to renewed debates about such issues as the extent to which individual freedoms can be curtailed in the fight against terrorism: for example, identity cards, the need for legislation against stirring up hatred on religious grounds and the use of both overt force and covert methods by police. The principles of ethics and human rights that all these issues and many others raise are fully expounded by the authors. Any reader would well be able to engage in such debates after having studied this book.Studied is probably the right word here because the text, although very accessible and well laid out, is a hefty read, positioned very much at the academic end of the spectrum. Its accessibility, on the one hand, is due to the authors' inclusion of case studies, as well as many diagrams and models, while each chapter recommends further reading and in some cases even suggested Web sites for further research. The case studies will appeal to an international audience, being drawn from the US, The Netherlands and several other countries. On the other hand, the authors are frequently at pains to ensure they are presenting a coherent argument. At some points the language is unnecessarily obscure. 'Mechanisms for ethical calculus', for example, does not immediately speak loudly to me and I fear would be quite off-putting for many potential readers. That would be a pity because a book of this nature should really be required reading for those (for example, in the criminal justice system) who have power to engage either ethically or unethically with the human rights of others.As I read this book for review I tried to take four perspectives. In the first I considered it from the point of view of a serving police officer. I would be disappointed if I thought this was a starter book on ethics, neither would I find that it is a book to help me get to grips with the application of the Human Rights Act 1998. From the perspective of an academic, however, the book would be enormously helpful in stimulating thought around the issues of human rights and ethics and would give me a good grounding in all of these. I would find the suggestions for follow-up reading and Web links very helpful. As a trainer I would find the book essential reading to help me understand both theory and contexts. The section on discretion, for example, is one of the best I have read. From the point of view of someone working in
A number of studies have been undertaken into the training structures, processes and practices in the Turkish National Police (TNP) in the last decade. The predominant thrust of this literature is in relation to evaluation of training provision and delivery. The literature represents an increased focus in Turkey on the development and improvement of the training function to deliver a more effective police service through enhanced police performance. These professional and academic studies have provided an opportunity for training portfolio-holders at all levels to identify areas of improvement in police training. This paper builds on a previous literature review that was conducted to examine the in-service training provision and delivery in the TNP. The review revealed seven themes which represented areas for possible improvement: policymaking and planning, employment and deployment, training needs analysis, design, delivery, evaluation, and training audit. A questionnaire was designed, based on the themes, to measure the perspectives of the training portfolio-holders including senior, business and line managers across the training function. The resultant survey data suggest that, in order to make training provision in the TNP more effective, there is a need for a comprehensive revision in a number of areas including policy-making, strategic management of training, tenure and competencies of the training staff, robust curriculum development, outcome-based evaluation and value-added inspection.
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