The main objective of the research was to use multinomial logit model to estimate income sources of watermelon farmers in northeastern Nigeria. A total of 434 farmers were sampled through multi-stage sampling procedure covering three Local Government Areas of Yobe state, Nigeria. The sources were personal savings, friends and relatives, Bank loans and cooperative/thrift societies. The results revealed that farm size, age and level of education were significant at 5% probability level and positively influenced the utilization of income from friends and relatives. Farmers' level of education, total cost of production and farm size significantly influenced farmers to obtain loans from banks. The marginal effects were 0.0504, 2.75 and 0.0038 showing the degrees of probabilities the variables can influence bank loans. Watermelon farmers can only obtain loans from cooperative and thrift society based on their farm size, total revenue, age, total cost and their level of output. These variables were significant at 1% and 5% probability levels with appropriate signs. The study concluded that 60% of the farmers fund their farm through personal savings and was difficult to get bank loans. It was recommended that micro-savings be encouraged among farmers and cooperative/thrift societies should be encouraged and adequately developed through the Non-Governmental Organizations.
In this research, we propose the use of mathematical models in determining harvesting strategies for fish farming.The work considered three logistic growth models, namely constant harvesting, periodic harvesting, and proportional harvesting model. For each of the scheme, it is estimated the optimal amount of fish harvested to protect the population from extinction. The data for this work are obtained from fish owners of selected pond in Bade (Gashua). Although, fish farming has been commercialized in Bade but there is little or no literature available in studying fish harvesting strategies. The Logistic model is appropriate for population growth of fishes when overcrowding and competition for the resource are taken into consideration. The objectives of the study where to estimate the highest continuing yield from fish harvesting strategies implemented. We compare the results obtained between the three strategies and observed the best harvesting strategy for the selected fish farm is periodic (seasonal) harvesting. The periodic harvesting strategy optimizes the harvest while maintaining stable the population of fish if the harvesting is lower or equal with the bifurcation point. Our findings can assist fish farmers in Bade, Yobe State, North East Nigeria, to increase fish supply to meet its demand and positively affect the economic growth of the area.
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