Schizophrenia is a severe chronic mental illness affecting twenty million people worldwide. Although the incidence of schizophrenia remains low, its prevalence may remain high due to medication non-adherence. Knowing potential factors relating to non-adherence with medication among patients with schizophrenia by investigating existing literature is needed in order to understand the phenomenology of this situation. Therefore, the study aimed to explore the most common factors that affected medication non-adherence in patients with schizophrenia. A systematic review was conducted through a literature search on Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, MEDLINE, PsycINFO, EBSCOhost, CINAHL Complete, ERIC, and Allied Health databases published from 1980 to 2021. Database searches were conducted with the terms “non-adherence to medication” “schizophrenia,” and “factors.” Eighty-six articles were found following the first-round search. Then seventy-eight articles were excluded due to irrelevant and duplicate tiles. Only eight articles were included for the final review. Per the findings, factors associated with medication non-adherence were categorized into four main themes: individual characteristics, cognitive appraisal, social influence, and health-care service. To improve medication adherence rates in patients with schizophrenia, psychiatric nurses must consider these specific factors while establishing nursing interventions.
Knowing a history of nursing science allows nurses to understand the journey of nursing theorists and scientists in developing the nursing science. Since the era of Florence Nightingale in the mid-18th century, the nursing theories and nursing research were published to the public, particularly scientific community. During late 18th and 19th century, there were many interesting questions among these debates that have not been answer yet, such as is it a nursing science or science of nursing? and is it a pure science or applied science? Even though the scientific community acknowledges that nursing is known as a science, many scholars remain to discuss the definition and category of nursing science. Along the history of nursing knowledge development, nursing scholars faced many challenges concerning the difficulty to develop the required content for nursing practices, to be an excellent discipline in the developing science base, to prepare nurse researchers, and to disseminate research results to the community and to the public (Hinshaw, 1989). Nowadays nursing science is entering into the postmodern era and it will be continued development in the next decade. Even if nurses do not recognise that nursing knowledge is currently in crisis, looking for the future of nursing science throughout the principle of Kuhn’s paradigm shift might provide valuable direction for nurse. Therefore, this paper aims to explain Kuhn’s revolutionary theory and its principle. Moreover, the influence of Kuhn’s revolution theory on the revolution of nursing science that will be present in this paper.
Educators may face an ethical dilemma when they conduct research by using their own students as participants. The dual role conflict, coercion, confidentiality, misconstruction, and unawareness of the informed consent documents have been discussed as ethical issues in such faculty research. The educators as the researchers should be aware of these ethical dilemmas and attempt to implement the informed consent effectively. Thus, this article explores the ethical considerations of informed consent for the educational setting that students are recruited in the faculty research. Furthermore, this article represented recommendations for potentially resolving the ethical dilemmas of informed consent surrounding this phenomenon which consisted of eliminating dual role conflict and coercion, guarding confidentiality, and promoting good construction and awareness of the informed consent documents.
BACKGROUND: Tuberculosis (TB) is a major public health concern resulting in high rates of morbidity and mortality worldwide, particularly in low- and middle-income countries, despite treatment having been available for over 50 years. It remains a crucial health problem in Thailand. This study aimed to develop a program for building tuberculosis (TB) care competencies of village health volunteers (VHVs) and to examine its effects on the outcomes of care for TB patients. METHODS: The competency development program (CDP) was developed based on the principles of empowerment and community-based TB care. Forty VHVs in two villages of Khoglor sub-district, Trang, Thailand were recruited. Participants were classified into control and experimental groups equally (n=20) by using a matched pair technique. RESULTS: The results showed that the mean scores of TB knowledge, attitude towards TB care, and TB care skills in the experimental group at the baseline and post-intervention were significantly different (p < 0.05). The mean scores of TB knowledge, attitude towards TB care, and TB care skills in the experimental and control groups at the baseline were not different. However, the scores of these three competencies at the post-intervention were significantly higher in the experimental group, compared to the control group (p < .05). CONCLUSION: Per the findings of the study, healthcare professionals should incorporate the principles of empowerment and community-based TB care in TB training programs in order to enhance TB care competencies of community health volunteers.
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