In most cases, migrant workers, with their lifestyle, communication, occupation, income, accommodation, etc. have a difficult time accessing social security policies. By studying existing documents and research works on accessing social security policies of migrant workers, the article aimed to clarify the status and grades of being excluded from the social security system of both international and domestic migrant labour flows. Especially, the article has analyzed and pointed out the main barriers which hinder this access of international migrant labour such as: nationality barrier, the scale of application of social security laws, barriers related to lack of coordination among countries, illegal immigration, etc. Domestic migrant workers face barriers that are associated with the coverage of social security policies and institutional and social barriers, which are directly related to the problem of household registration, as well as barriers related to their weaknesses in cognition, information, and capacity.
AbstramtsIn the framework of the path-integral formalism of nonrelativistic quantum theory the perturbation method is developed. This is based on the cumulative expansion of the partition function in powers of the difference between the classical actions of the exact and trial system. The trial system IS constructed by replacing the Coulomb interactions by elastic ones, with parameters defined by Feynman's variational principle. The second order corrections to the ground-state energy of the hydrogen and helium atoms, the hydrogen molecule, and molecular ion have been evaluated. The results have been found to coincide with the actual values with an accuracy of 4-6%, whereas the corresponding error of the variational solution is of the order of 15-20%.
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