An edible ectomycorrhizal fungus Phlebopus spongiosus have been found in pomelo orchards (Citrus maxima). The culture broth of Ph. spongiosus became darker after ca. 3 weeks of inoculation. The dry production of culture broth extract (culture extract) was 0.30 ± 0.09 g per culture (20 ml broth in a 50 ml flask). Both 5% and 10% solution of the culture extract shows the antibacterial activities on growth of all tested Gram positive bacteria Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus thuringiensis and a Gram negative bacterium Gluconobacter oxydans but not on the other Gram negative bacteria Escherichia coli and Asaia bogorensis. On PDA plates, Ph. spongiosus showed the inhibition on the growth of soil fungi Penicillium citrinum and Aspergillus niger, whereas it was invaded by that of a mycoparasite Trichoderma viride. Further studies on physiological and ecological characteristics and principal components for the activities of culture exudates in laboratory is necessary to find the applicable profits from this fungus.
Coffee (Coffea spp.) is one of important industrial crops. Additionally, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) provide many benefits for plants such as increasing nutrient uptake, enhancing tolerance in drought and stress
condition, etc. Therefore, preservation and propagation of AMF spores collected from coffee’s rhizosphere are necessary for coffee cultivation. The AMF preservation on coffee plant is not feasible because coffee is a long-term plants, which led to study on symbiotic ability of AMF on several short-term host plants (maize (Zea mays), plantain (Plantago spp.), rice (Oryza sativa), beggarticks (Bidens pilosa), and bahia grass (Pensacola bahia)) to maintain AM association. Investigation of symbiosis ability with four types of AMF spores showed that maize had the highest rate of fungal infection. The total number of AMF spore per 50g soil after 3 months of inoculation on maize reached 352 spores, which was 4.1 times higher than that of the origin while the lowest figure recorded in bahia grass is with only 2.3 times.
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