In this paper, we present a fused flight dynamics and wake interaction modeling framework for arrays (farms) of tethered wind and marine hydrokinetic energy systems. The replacement of conventional towers with tethers necessitates a dynamic model that captures the flight characteristics of each system, whereas the arrangement of the systems in an array necessitates a wake interaction model. The integration of these components is unique to the tethered energy systems literature and is applicable to both airborne wind energy systems and tethered marine hydrokinetic energy systems. In the application case study of this paper, we focus specifically on arrays of ocean current turbines (OCTs), which are intended to operate in the deep waters of the Gulf Stream, adjacent to the eastern coast of the United States. In particular, we evaluate the dynamic performance and resulting projected energy output of an array of tethered OCTs, based on real Gulf Stream resource data from an acoustic Doppler current profiler (ADCP) located adjacent to Cape Hatteras, North Carolina.
Movement of sand particles is a complicated phenomenon that occurs in nature. In this paper, the main goal is to provide an analytic model for the deposition profile of sand particles downstream of a fence. The analytic model was derived with respect to governing equations and shear flows for upstream and downstream regions. In this approach, we obtain a new expression for the downstream velocity of the fence, which allows for the determination of potential areas of deposition particles by assuming a log-normal distribution profile. A discrete-phase flow (DPM) was used to inject particles in the simulation domain. The DPM gives capabilities to capture spatiotemporal velocities components, as we can define the probability of deposition particles in the downstream of the fence. The proposed model was validated with a numerical model and experimental results. The comparison with field data and numerical results shows that the deposition profile is in acceptable agreement. With some assumptions and modifications about the properties of particles, the results of this research can be extended to snow accumulation downstream of a fence.
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