This paper reviews the recent research progress in the past several years on
promoting peripheral nerve recovery using stem and progenitory cells. The
emphasis is placed on studies aimed at assessing various stem cells capable of
expressing neurotrophic and growth factors and surviving after implantation in
the nerve or a conduit. Approaches to improving nerve conduit design are
summarized. The contribution of stem cells to axonal regeneration and neural
repair is discussed. The side effects associated with cell-based treatment are
highlighted. From the studies reviewed, it is concluded that the fate of
transplanted stem cells needs further elucidation in a
microenvironment-dependent manner.
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