The article presents the results of the study of factors influencing the amount of waste generated within tourist destinations. By means of dispersion and regression analysis functional dependencies were established. They allowed determining the connection between the factors and amounts of waste generation within tourist destinations. The established functional dependencies allowed forecasting the amount of waste generation within the territories of tourist activities. The authors determined that the factors influencing the amount of waste generated within tourist destinations are the number of tourists and excursionists, GDP per capita, number of population. 3D surfaces built in the program Surfer made it possible to assess the influence of different combinations of factors on the process of waste generation. A mathematical model of the process of waste generation within the territories of tourist destinations was built in order to help to create efficient waste management systems within the territories of tourism development. ecological safety, waste management, solid municipal waste, impact of tourism on the environment, sustainable development.
Purpose. Finding the cause and effect relationships between the parameters of nonstationary longitudinal and torsional vibra tions of a drilling tool and developing a mathematical model to study their properties.Methodology. The solution to this problem is based on one of the basic principles of analytical mechanics -the Lagrange principle. The equation of motion of the studied rod mechanical system with four degrees of freedom is made using the Lagrange equation of the second kind, which is one of the next stages of its dynamic analysis.findings. In the process of solving this problem on the basis of industrial data, the analysis of axial load functions, angular rota tion speed and torque of the drilling tool for their nonstationarity was carried out. The frequency of change in these nonstation ary drilling mode functions is set by rapid Fourier transform. originality. For the first time, analytical dependences were obtained to determine the forces of cutting and friction on the bit from the second derivatives of the independent generalized coordinates of the mechanical system over time, as well as the relation ship between the generalized accelerations of the translational and rotational motions of the bodies of the mechanical system.Practical value. The practical value of the work is the obtained equations of motion of the system, taking into account the re ceived frequency compositions of the mode parameters of drilling until their subsequent numerical solution. The results of this task will further facilitate the choice of optimal modes of dynamic loading of the drilling tool in order to improve its energy efficiency and reliability. Analysis of the frequency dependences of the change in nonstationary functions of the drilling mode parameters will allow evaluating the level of wear of the rock destruction tool, as well as to predict the durability of the drill string elements.
The objective of this article is the analysys of methods for preventing and eliminating hydrates formations, classifying them and choosing the best ones for use in underground gas storage facilities. Comprehensive measures for the stable operation of gas storage facilities in the presence of conditions for the occurrence of hydrates formations were developed. Zones, being potentially prone to the hydrates formation during the gas storage facilities operation were identified. The operational parameters of gas storage wells during gas withdrawal are analyzed. The identified wells were operated under difficult conditions due to the deposition of hydrates on the wellheads, in flowlines and process equipment of gas storage facilities. The places of the highest hydrates accumulation on underground gas storages were determined: from the bottomhole of wells to the gas purification unit of the gas gathering station. Hydrate-prone zones were identified by computational fluid dynamic (CFD) modeling at the location of regulating choke installations in underground gas storage facilities. The zones of the greatest hydrates accumulation on underground gas storages were determined: from the bottomhole of wells to the gas purification unit of the gas gathering station. The analysis of the methods used in gas storage facilities of Ukraine to prevent and eliminate hydrates formation was out. A set of measures was proposed to prevent the hydrates formation in storage facilities to ensure their stable operation. Based on the Euler approach (Mixture model) by CFD modeling, zones prone to hydrates formation were determined at the installation site of regulating chokes in underground gas storages. The influence of the degree of fittings opening on the location of potential zones prone to hydrates formation was estimated. The gas-dynamic processes in the internal cavity of the gas pipeline at the installation site of the control fittings were studied and their influence on the distribution of bulk particles of the gaseous and liquid phases was established. Based on the studies performed, it was recommended to change periodically the mode of well operation for a certain time by opening or closing the regulating choke under favorable conditions for the formation of hydrates, especially at low ambient temperatures. The obtained results of experimental studies and calculations showed that in order to solve the problem of hydrates formation at gas storage facilities, it is advisable to use diverse measures through the introduction of modern intelligent systems for monitoring and controlling the technological process. Further refinement of the algorithm of the proposed monitoring and control system with its approbation in production was provided. The results of the experimental studies and CFD modeling carried out allowed providing a more reasonable approach to the application of various available methods and measures to prevent hydrates formation in underground gas storage facilities. This approach made it possible to develop new effective ways and measures to prevent such complication. Based on the conducted experimental studies and modeling, the major zones prone to hydrates formation in underground gas storages were determined. The developed measures will allow timely detection and prevention of hydrates formation at gas storage facilities are original.
The purpose of this work is to study the processes of hydrate formation during the operation of wells and underground gas storage facilities. Development of a set of measures aimed at the prediction and timely prevention of hydrate formation in wells and technological equipment of gas storage facilities under different geological and technological conditions.The prediction of hydrate formation processes was carried out using a neural network that is a software product with weight factors calculated in MATLAB environment and the ability to adapt parameters of the network specified to updated and supplemented input data during its operation. So, within the MATLAB software environment, a software module of a two-layer artificial neural network with a random set of weight factors is created at the first stage. In the second stage, the neural network is trained using experimental field input/output data set, output data. In the third stage, an artificial neural network is used as a means of predicting hydrate formation with the ability to refine weight factors during its operation subject to obtaining additional updated data, as an input set, for modifying the coefficients and, accordingly, improving the algorithm for predicting of an artificial neural network. In the absence of new data for the additional training of an artificial neural network, it is used as a computing tool that, on the basis of input data about the current above-mentioned selected technological parameters of fluid in the pipeline, ensures the output values in the range from 0 to 1 (or from 0 to 100%), that indicates the probability of hydrates formation in the controlled section of the pipeline. Application of such an approach makes it possible to teach; additionally,, that is, to improve the neural network; therefore this means of predicting hydrate formations objectively increases reliability of results obtained in the process of predicting and functioning of the system.The authors of the work recommend to carry out an integrated approach to ensure clear control over the operation mode of wells and gas collection points.According to the results of experimental studies, the places of the most likely deposition of hydrates in underground gas storage facilities were identified, in particular, in the inside space of the flowline in places of accumulation of liquid contaminants (lowered pipeline sections) and an adjustable choke of the gas collection point. The available methods used to prevent and eliminate hydrate formation both in wells and at gas field equipment were analyzed. Such an analysis made it possible to put together a list of methods that are most appropriate for the conditions of gas storage facilities in Ukraine.The method of predicting hydrate formation in certain sections of pipelines based on algorithms of artificial neural networks is proposed. The developed methodology based on data on values of temperatures and pressures in certain sections of pipelines allows us to predict the beginning of the hydrate formation process at certain points with high accuracy and take appropriate measures.To increase the efficiency of solving the problem of hydrate formation in gas storage facilities, it is expedient to introduce new approaches to timely predict complications, in particular, the use of neural networks and diverse measures.Implementation of the developed predicting methodology and methods and measures to prevent and eliminate hydrate formation in wells and technological equipment in underground gas storage facilities will increase the operation efficiency of underground gas storage facilities.The use of artificial intelligence to predict hydrate formations in flowlines of wells and technological equipment of underground gas storage facilities is proposed. Using this approach to predict and functionthe system as a whole ensures high reliability of the results obtained due to adaptation of the system to the specified control conditions.
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