Background:The obstructive hydronephrosis is a term that implicates the structural and functional changes of the kidneys as a result of difficulties in the flow of urine. Hydronephrosis specifically describes dilation and swelling of the kidney. Hydronephrosis is a condition that typically occurs when the kidney swells due to the failure of normal drainage of urine from the kidney to the bladder. Our aim was to evaluate the degree of hydronephrosis, causes and diagnostic method. Material andMethods:This is a study of 136 patients that have been treated at the Department of Urology, University Clinical Centre of Kosovo, Prishtina. For diagnosis of hydronephrosis in our patient, we used as equipment the Color Doppler ultrasound, with resolution of 3.5 MHz–8 MHz.Results:Out of 136 participants in the study, 91 (66.9%) were males and 45 (33.1%) females, with significant difference (P=0.000). The average age for males was 49 years old, whereas for females was 33. This study included patients with a diagnosis of symptomatic hydronephrosis with various causes and degrees. All patients were presented with hydronephrosis. The hydronephrosis grade varied from the stage I up to the IV. In our study we have difference grade of hydronephrosis, X2 test, P= 0.114. The most common causes of hydronephrosis in our study were; kidney stone, ureteral stones, neck stenosis PU, pregnancy, infiltrating bladder cancer, bladder neck contracture, prostate adenoma, infiltrating prostatic carcinoma etc. In this study we have indentified different causes, of which stones dominate as the most usual causes of hydronephrosis P= 0.0001.Conclusion:The Ultrasound is an easy method to be applied, non invasive, and a fast one to help and diagnose the obstructive hydronephrosis. The ultrasound has a high sensitivity and should be used as a screening method followed by other methods, as necessary. Hydronphrosis is most commonly presented to men with an average age about fifties. We came to the conclusion that the main causes of hydronephrosis are kidney stone, followed by ureteral stones, in which, in a larger percentage, they appear with the II degree of hydronephrosis.
Background:This research aims to evaluate the role of tamsulosin in the medical expulsion therapy for distal ureteral stones, including her effects in stone expulsion time, expulsion rates, stone size, pain episodes and analgesic dosage usage.Material and methods:The 104 patients with distal ureteral calculi were examined, with the size of the stones 4-10 mm. They were randomly divided into two groups: study group (n=52), received tamsulosin 0.4 mg in morning, for 28 days, analgesic (diclofenac 75 mg), high fluid intake and Control group (n=52) received analgesic (diclofenac 75 mg), high fluid intake.Results:There is no significant difference between groups, based on sex (P=0.835) and age (P=0.987). Average size of the stones was 6.5 mm (SD ± 1.6 mm), with no significant difference (P=0.996). Stone expulsion rate is 90.4% in the study group and 71.2% from the control group, with statistical significance (P=0.023). The average time of the expulsion of stones in the study group was 9.6 days (SD ± 7.1 days), control group 13.7 days (SD ± 7.3 days), with statistical significance, (P=0.034). Average dose of analgesics in the study group was 63.7 mg (SD ± 45.2 mg), control group is 109.2 (SD ± 53.3), with statistical significance (P=0.019).Conclusion:Our study reveals that tamsulosin is efficient for the treatment of distal ureteral stones. Tamsulosin decrease the number of ureteral colic episodes, by acting as a spasmolytic, increase and hasten stone expulsion rates, reduce days of stone expulsion, decrease analgesic dose usage.
U rinary bladder cancer is one of the most serious diseases of the urogenital system, and its treatment is dependent on the time of the diagnosis. pT1 and pT2 are the most suitable clinical and pathohistological stages for the successful surgical treatment of bladder cancer. Such cases are almost entirely treatable and result in the improvement of quality of life and longevity. For good out comes, it is imperative that the disease be diagnosed as soon as possible, so that radical cystoprostatectomy and a orthotopic Hautmann neobladder reconstructions could be performed. An overall analysis of the cases was performed at the Urology Clinic of the University Clinical Center in Prishtina. All surgical cases of orthotopic Hautmann neobladder recon structions were collected in a nonrandomized fashion. Furthermore, complete review of long term effects, the overall state of all the surgical cases, as well as the survival outcomes of this patient cohort, was performed. The surgical treatment of bladder cancer patients with orthotopic Hautmann neobladder reconstruction at the Urology Clinic of the University Clinical Center in Prishtina first begun in 1990. The first patient was A.K. Born in 1926. Postoperatively, no surgical complications were noted, the patient lived in good health with a good quality of life. The patient expired in September of 2015 from old age. In the same year, 1990, another patient was treated with the same method, but unfortunately had expired within 24 hours of the surgery because of anesthesia complications. There was a 9 year hiatus because of the political situation of the '90s in Kosovo. The work resumed in 1999. 25 cases of radical cystoprostatectomy fol lowed by orthotopic Hautmann neobladder reconstructions were performed until 2005. The postoperative state of these patients was closely followed. A complete analysis of the survival rates, especially of cases treated at stages pT1 and pT2, the successful post op longevi ty, as well as the longevity of the most challenging and advanced cases treated with this method, are presented. Overall, patients were mostly continent, and urinated regular ly and spontaneously.
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