Imaging of microbial interactions has so far been based on well‐established electron microscopy methods. This study presents a new way to study bacterial colonies and interactions between bacteria and their viruses, bacteriophages (phages), in situ on agar plates using helium ion microscopy (HIM). In biological imaging, HIM has advantages over traditional scanning electron microscopy with its sub‐nanometer resolution, increased surface sensitivity, and the possibility to image nonconductive samples. Furthermore, by controlling the He beam dose or by using heavier Ne ions, the HIM instrument provides the possibility to mill out material in the samples, allowing for subsurface imaging and in situ sectioning. Here, the first HIM‐images of bacterial colonies and phage–bacterium interactions are presented at different stages of the infection as they occur on an agar culture. The feasibility of neon and helium milling is also demonstrated to reveal the subsurface structures of bacterial colonies on agar substrate, and in some cases also structure inside individual bacteria after cross‐sectioning. The study concludes that HIM offers great opportunities to advance the studies of microbial imaging, in particular in the area of interaction of viruses with cells.
TEMPO-oxidized cellulose nanofibrils (TCNFs) have unique properties, which can be utilised in many application fields from printed electronics to packaging.
the present study evaluates the role of graphene oxide's (Go's) peroxidase-like and inherent/ carbocatalytic properties in oxidising silver nitrate (AgNO 3 ) to create graphene nanocomposites with silver nanoparticles (GO/Ag nanocomposite). Activation of peroxidase-like catalytic function of Go required hydrogen peroxide (H 2 o 2 ) and ammonia (nH 3 ) in pH 4.0 disodium hydrogen phosphate (na 2 Hpo 4 ). Carbocatalytic abilities of GO were triggered in pH 4.0 deionised distilled water (ddH 2 O). Transmission electron microscope (TEM), scanning electron microscope (SEM), cyclic voltammetry (CV) and UV-Vis spectroscopy aided in qualitatively and quantitatively assessing GO/Ag nanocomposites. teM and SeM analysis demonstrated the successful use of Go's peroxidase-like and carbocatalytic properties to produce GO/Ag nanocomposite. UV-Vis analysis indicated a higher yield in optical density values for GO/Ag nanocomposites created using GO's carbocatalytic ability rather than its peroxidaselike counterpart. Additionally, CV demonstrated that GO/Ag nanocomposite fabricated here is a product of an irreversible electrochemical reaction. Our study outcomes show new opportunities for GO as a standalone catalyst in biosensing. We demonstrate a sustainable approach to obtain graphene nanocomposites exclusive of harmful chemicals or physical methods.Remarkable optical, thermal, mechanical, and electrical properties of graphene have captivated the imaginations of scientists worldwide 1-4 . Graphene is an ideal composite counterpart to create flexible electronics 5,6 , design batteries with enhanced storage capability 7 , prevent steel corrosion 8 , and shield aircraft from heat 9 . Real-world graphene applications have originated across several industries like the Inov-8 running trainers that employ thermal and mechanical qualities of graphene to improve their durability 10 . The famous sports equipment manufacturer, HEAD applied graphene to create stronger tennis rackets with lighter weight distribution 10 . The BAC-Mono formula racing car also uses graphene to boost strength and reduce the mass of its body parts by 20% 11 . Miniaturization of biochemical assays using graphene-based sensors for research and clinical purposes is now a reality with AGILER100 12
We report a complete genome sequence of a Finnish isolate of the fish pathogen Flavobacterium columnare. Using PacBio RS II sequencing technology, the complete circular genome of F. columnare strain B185 with 3,261,404 bp was obtained.
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