A significant fraction of information searches are motivated by the user's primary task. An ideal search engine would be able to use information captured from the primary task in order to proactively retrieve useful information. Previous work has shown that many information retrieval activities depend on the primary task in which the retrieved information is to be used, but fairly little research has been focusing on methods that automatically learn the informational intents from the primary task context. We study how the implicit primary task context can be used to model the user's search intent and to proactively retrieve relevant and useful information. Data comprising of logs from a user study, in which users are writing an essay, demonstrate that users' search intents can be captured from the task and relevant and useful information can be proactively retrieved. Data from simulations with several data sets of different complexity show that the proposed approach of using primary task context generalizes to a variety of data. Our findings have implications for the design of proactive search systems that can infer users' search intent implicitly by monitoring users' primary task activities.

Irradiation effects in polyethylene and cellulose were examined using molecular dynamics simulations. The governing reactions in both materials were chain scissioning and generation of small hydrocarbon and peroxy radicals. Recombination of chain fragments and cross-linking between polymer chains were found to occur less frequently. Crystalline cellulose was found to be more resistant to radiation damage than crystalline polyethylene. Statistics on radical formation are presented and the dynamics of the formation of radiation damage discussed.

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one of the most promising the electric resistivity method is pointed out. Cracks, density variations and degree of sinter The basics of the direct current potential drop (DCPD) can be detected and the advantages of this method are low method is presented. It is applied to studies of pressing cost, high potential for use on green parts and the possibility defects in green bodies made of iron based powders.to make the equipment portable. An early application study Three types of bodies are studied: rectangular bars, on powder metallurgy parts is presented by Lewis.4 The two level L shaped bodies and a multilevel industrial method is often designated the direct current potential drop body. It is found that by using ratios of potential drop (DCPD) method. The objective of the present paper is to (PD) between defective and defect free areas of a body show that by using ve electrodes a simple, robust and the method becomes more insensitive to disturbances.reliable method to detect aws is obtained. The work is For this purpose a ve electrode probe has been a follow up of an earlier thesis van den Bos5 in which designed. An analysis of the statistical scatter indicates systematic studies using a four electrode probe as well that the DCPD method is more suited to nd the as theoretical calculations of electric potential elds were correct press settings than to look for defective specimens presented. under production.